English Grammar Sentence Structure Flashcards

They stood on the sidewalk looking around as a few people walked by, but no one appeared particularly interested.

Answer: Compound-complex

This sentence is classified as compound-complex because it contains two independent clauses and one dependent clause. 'They stood on the sidewalk looking around' is an independent clause, and 'no one appeared particularly interested' is another independent clause, joined by the coordinating conjunction 'but'. The phrase 'as a few people walked by' is a dependent clause, introduced by the subordinating conjunction 'as'.

For the following several blocks, additional small shops lined both sides of the street. Chris carefully glanced at the names on the neighboring businesses.

Answer: Compound

This passage consists of two independent clauses: 'For the following several blocks, additional small shops lined both sides of the street' and 'Chris carefully glanced at the names on the neighboring businesses.' Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. When two independent clauses are presented together, even if separated by a period, the overall structure reflects a compound nature, indicating the presence of multiple complete thoughts.

Even though I know my students are more than capable, I am not surprised by their success and comprehension of the idea when they study for their quizzes and tests.

Answer: Complex

This is a complex sentence because it contains one independent clause and one dependent clause. The independent clause is 'I am not surprised by their success and comprehension of the idea when they study for their quizzes and tests,' which can stand alone. The dependent clause, 'Even though I know my students are more than capable,' begins with the subordinating conjunction 'Even though' and cannot stand alone.

The plants that sing "Feed Me" in a macabre manner are the ones that terrify me.

Answer: Independent Clause

The sentence 'The plants that sing 'Feed Me' in a macabre manner are the ones that terrify me' is an independent clause. It contains a subject ('The plants') and a predicate ('are the ones that terrify me') and expresses a complete thought, allowing it to stand alone. The phrase 'that sing 'Feed Me' in a macabre manner' is a dependent clause modifying 'plants', but the overall sentence structure is an independent clause.

The bus slowed down and stopped in front of a T-shirt store, pulling up to the curb.

Answer: Simple

This is a simple sentence because it contains only one independent clause and no dependent clauses. The clause 'The bus slowed down and stopped in front of a T-shirt store' has a single subject ('The bus') and a compound verb ('slowed down and stopped'). The phrase 'pulling up to the curb' is a participial phrase, not a separate clause.

I have two independent clauses, one or more dependent clauses, and a sentence.

Answer: Compound-complex

A compound-complex sentence is defined by its structure, which includes at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. This combination allows for both the connection of multiple main ideas and the inclusion of subordinate information. Therefore, the description perfectly matches the definition of a compound-complex sentence.

At the concert, Daddy always rises up during saxophone solos.

Answer: Dependent Clause

The sentence 'At the concert, Daddy always rises up during saxophone solos' contains a subject ('Daddy') and a predicate ('always rises up during saxophone solos'), forming a complete thought. This structure allows it to stand alone as a complete sentence, which is the definition of an independent clause. Therefore, based on standard English grammar, this sentence is an independent clause, not a dependent one.

In his Warner Bros. cartoons, Bugs Bunny was a wise man and a con man.

Answer: Independent Clause

The sentence 'In his Warner Bros. cartoons, Bugs Bunny was a wise man and a con man' is an independent clause. It contains a subject ('Bugs Bunny') and a predicate ('was a wise man and a con man') and expresses a complete thought. The introductory phrase 'In his Warner Bros. cartoons' is a prepositional phrase, not a dependent clause, so the main clause stands alone.

Cinderella traveled to the palace and lived happily ever after after Prince Charming placed the glass slipper on her foot.

Answer: Complex

This is a complex sentence because it contains one independent clause and one dependent clause. The independent clause is 'Cinderella traveled to the palace and lived happily ever after,' which can stand alone. The dependent clause, 'after Prince Charming placed the glass slipper on her foot,' begins with the subordinating conjunction 'after' and cannot stand alone.

I am a word that connects sentences, clauses, and other words.

Answer: Conjunction

A conjunction is a word whose primary function is to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. This definition directly matches the description provided, as conjunctions act as grammatical links within a sentence or between sentences. Examples include 'and,' 'but,' 'or,' and 'because.'

The sentence structure is: On Thursday after school, I hurled snowballs towards three amusing boys.

Answer: Simple

The sentence 'On Thursday after school, I hurled snowballs towards three amusing boys' is a simple sentence. It contains only one independent clause, with a single subject ('I') and a single verb ('hurled'). The phrases 'On Thursday after school' and 'towards three amusing boys' are prepositional phrases, not additional clauses.

I have one independent clause, one or more dependent clauses, and one or more prepositions.

Answer: Complex

A complex sentence is defined by its structure, which includes one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. The mention of 'one or more prepositions' is a common feature of sentences but not a defining characteristic of sentence type. The core components of an independent clause and at least one dependent clause make it a complex sentence.

The sentence structure is: Pam became enraged when Hank the Cowdog chased Sam the Barn cat into her iris patch.

Answer: Compound

The sentence 'Pam became enraged when Hank the Cowdog chased Sam the Barn cat into her iris patch' consists of one independent clause ('Pam became enraged') and one dependent clause ('when Hank the Cowdog chased Sam the Barn cat into her iris patch'). This structure correctly defines a complex sentence, not a compound sentence. A compound sentence requires two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or semicolon.

The sentence structure is: Birds can fly, and throughout the winter, they migrate southward.

Answer: Compound-complex

The sentence 'Birds can fly, and throughout the winter, they migrate southward' consists of two independent clauses: 'Birds can fly' and 'they migrate southward', joined by the coordinating conjunction 'and'. The phrase 'throughout the winter' is a prepositional phrase, not a dependent clause. This structure defines a compound sentence, not a compound-complex sentence, which would require at least one dependent clause in addition to the two independent clauses.

I am a sentence that consists of two distinct clauses, one of which is separated from the other by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.

Answer: Compound

A compound sentence is characterized by having two or more independent clauses, which are complete thoughts that can stand alone. These clauses are typically joined by a coordinating conjunction (like 'and,' 'but,' 'or') or a semicolon. This definition precisely matches the description provided in the question.

I only have one independent clause and none at all.

Answer: Simple

A simple sentence is defined by having only one independent clause and no dependent clauses. The phrase 'and none at all' refers to the absence of dependent clauses, reinforcing the definition. This structure represents a single, complete thought without any subordinate clauses.