EmSAT EmSAT Biology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is photosynthesis?
- Breaking down glucose for energy
- Converting light energy to chemical energy stored in glucose (Correct answer)
- Converting glucose to ATP
- Releasing oxygen during respiration
Correct answer: Converting light energy to chemical energy stored in glucose
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen. The overall equation is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
Question 2: Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Chloroplasts (Correct answer)
- Ribosomes
Correct answer: Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy that drives the photosynthetic reactions.
Question 3: What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?
- Glucose and oxygen
- Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (Correct answer)
- Lactic acid and ATP
- Ethanol and CO₂
Correct answer: Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Aerobic cellular respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP. The products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy).
Question 4: What is the role of chlorophyll?
- To store starch
- To absorb light energy for photosynthesis (Correct answer)
- To transport water
- To synthesize proteins
Correct answer: To absorb light energy for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy (primarily red and blue wavelengths) to drive photosynthesis. It reflects green light, which is why plants appear green.
Question 5: What is the basic unit of heredity?
- Chromosome
- Nucleus
- Gene (Correct answer)
- Protein
Correct answer: Gene
A gene is the basic unit of heredity. It is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule, and it determines a particular trait.
Question 6: What does DNA stand for?
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (Correct answer)
- Diribonucleic Acid
- Deoxyribose Nuclear Acid
Correct answer: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms and many viruses.
EmSAT EmSAT Biology 2
What is photosynthesis?