ELAR Foundations of Reading 2

Question 1

Which term describes the ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?

Accepted Answer

Phonemic awareness

Answer

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes (sounds) in spoken words.

Question 2

A student reads 'ship' as 'chip.' This error most likely indicates difficulty with which phoneme?

Accepted Answer

The initial consonant digraph /sh/

Answer

Substituting 'ch' for 'sh' shows the student is confusing the /sh/ digraph with the /ch/ digraph.

Question 3

What does 'orthographic knowledge' primarily refer to in reading instruction?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of the spelling patterns and conventions of a language

Answer

Orthographic knowledge refers to understanding how letters and letter patterns represent sounds in a writing system.

Question 4

Which reading approach teaches students to use letter-sound relationships to decode unfamiliar words?

Accepted Answer

Systematic phonics

Answer

Systematic phonics instruction explicitly teaches letter-sound correspondences in a structured, sequential order.

Question 5

A child counts three sounds in the word 'splash.' Is this correct?

Accepted Answer

No, there are five phonemes: /s/ /p/ /l/ /a/ /sh/

Answer

'Splash' contains five phonemes: /s/, /p/, /l/, /æ/, /ʃ/, so three is an undercount.

(ELAR) English Language Arts and Reading Practice Test