Ed.D. Doctor of Education Assessment and Evaluation in Education 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of assessment is designed to monitor student learning progress during instruction and provide feedback for improvement?
- Summative assessment
- Formative assessment (Correct answer)
- Norm-referenced assessment
- Diagnostic assessment
Correct answer: Formative assessment
Formative assessment occurs during instruction to monitor learning and guide adjustments to teaching and learning, rather than to assign grades.
Question 2: A test is considered 'valid' if it:
- Produces consistent results across administrations
- Measures what it is intended to measure (Correct answer)
- Is free from bias toward any group
- Covers a wide range of difficulty levels
Correct answer: Measures what it is intended to measure
Validity refers to the degree to which a test actually measures the construct or knowledge domain it is intended to measure.
Question 3: Reliability in educational assessment refers to:
- Whether the test measures the right content
- The consistency of scores across administrations or raters (Correct answer)
- Whether test items are culturally fair
- The alignment of test items to learning standards
Correct answer: The consistency of scores across administrations or raters
Reliability is the degree to which an assessment produces stable and consistent results across different administrations, raters, or test forms.
Question 4: Norm-referenced assessments compare student performance to:
- Predetermined mastery standards
- The performance of a normative sample (Correct answer)
- Grade-level curriculum benchmarks
- Teacher-set class averages
Correct answer: The performance of a normative sample
Norm-referenced assessments rank student performance relative to a normative sample (a representative group), producing percentile scores rather than mastery judgments.
Question 5: Criterion-referenced assessments measure student performance against:
- The class average
- A fixed set of predetermined standards or learning objectives (Correct answer)
- National percentile ranks
- Prior year performance
Correct answer: A fixed set of predetermined standards or learning objectives
Criterion-referenced assessments measure whether students have mastered a defined set of knowledge or skills, regardless of how other students perform.
Question 6: Which measurement concept refers to the smallest difference in scores that represents a meaningful difference in student performance?
- Effect size
- Standard error of measurement (Correct answer)
- Minimal detectable difference
- Cohen's d
Correct answer: Standard error of measurement
The standard error of measurement (SEM) quantifies the precision of test scores and helps interpret whether score differences are meaningful or due to measurement error.
Ed.D. Doctor of Education Assessment and Evaluation in Education 1
Which type of assessment is designed to monitor student learning progress during instruction and provide feedback for improvement?