Ecology Of Species Interactions 4

Question 1

Müllerian mimicry differs from Batesian mimicry in that Müllerian mimics are:

Accepted Answer

All unpalatable species sharing a warning pattern

Answer

All palatable species sharing a warning pattern

Answer

Harmless species that resemble toxic models

Answer

Predators that mimic harmless species

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a keystone predator effect?

Accepted Answer

Wolves causing elk to avoid riverbanks, allowing riparian vegetation to recover

Answer

Deer browsing reduces grass height in meadows

Answer

Earthworms improve soil aeration benefiting plant roots

Answer

Lichens colonize bare rock before other organisms

Question 3

A cleaner wrasse fish removes parasites from larger 'client' fish without being eaten. This best represents:

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Parasitism

Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Amensalism

Question 4

Allelopathy is a form of species interaction in which:

Accepted Answer

One plant releases chemicals that inhibit growth of neighboring plants

Answer

Plants attract pollinators with chemical scents

Answer

Fungi decompose organic matter into nutrients for plants

Answer

Animals use pheromones to communicate territory boundaries

Question 5

Frequency-dependent selection in the context of predator–prey interactions means:

Accepted Answer

Rare prey morphs are favored because predators develop a 'search image' for common morphs

Answer

Predators always prefer the most abundant prey type

Answer

Prey species reproduce at a higher frequency than predators

Answer

Common prey morphs evolve faster than rare ones

Question 6

An orchid that produces flowers resembling female bees to attract male bees for pollination, offering no reward, exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

Deceptive pollination

Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Herbivory

Question 7

The term 'apparent competition' refers to when:

Accepted Answer

Two prey species negatively affect each other indirectly through a shared predator

Answer

Two species compete for the same food but never encounter each other

Answer

A predator and prey species share a habitat without direct interaction

Answer

Resource overlap between species is measured statistically