Behavioral Ecology Concepts Flashcards
7 cards from real Ecology practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Behavioral Ecology Concepts flashcards as text
Which term describes the phenomenon where an animal copies the behavior of others to acquire resources, rather than searching independently?
Answer: Local enhancement
Local enhancement occurs when an individual is attracted to a location where others are feeding, increasing its own foraging success without directly copying the specific behavior.
In the context of sperm competition, males that produce more sperm per ejaculate relative to testes size are expected to live in societies where females mate with:
Answer: Multiple males
Sperm competition intensity increases with polyandry, so males in multi-male mating systems evolve larger relative testes and higher sperm counts.
A female songbird preferentially pairs with males that have the most elaborate plumage even when those males provide no parental care. This best illustrates:
Answer: Runaway sexual selection
Runaway (Fisherian) selection occurs when female preference and the male trait become genetically correlated, driving ever-more-elaborate ornaments beyond survival-based optima.
What is 'dear enemy' recognition in territorial animals?
Answer: Reduced aggression toward familiar neighbors compared to strangers
The dear enemy effect describes the observation that residents are less aggressive toward established neighbors than toward unfamiliar strangers, because neighbor boundaries are already settled.
Frequency-dependent selection in behavioral polymorphisms means that a rare strategy tends to:
Answer: Gain a fitness advantage over common strategies
Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains behavioral polymorphisms because rare strategies experience less competition and therefore enjoy higher relative fitness.
Which of the following best describes 'scramble competition' for mates?
Answer: Males race to locate and mate with females before rivals
In scramble competition, males compete indirectly by searching faster or more efficiently rather than through direct combat or resource defense.
An animal living in a stable, long-term pair bond that defends a territory together is most likely exhibiting which mating system?
Answer: Monogamy
Monogamy is characterized by exclusive mating relationships and, in many species, joint territorial defense and biparental care.