Echocardiogram Echocardiograms Echocardiographic Techniques 2

Question 1

Which Doppler modality provides the highest temporal resolution for measuring high-velocity jets such as aortic stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Continuous wave Doppler

Answer

Color flow Doppler

Answer

Pulsed wave Doppler

Answer

Tissue Doppler imaging

Question 2

When performing a subcostal four-chamber view, the transducer is placed:

Accepted Answer

Below the xiphoid process with the marker toward the patient's left

Answer

At the left sternal border in the fourth intercostal space

Answer

At the apex with the marker pointing to the left shoulder

Answer

In the suprasternal notch angled inferiorly

Question 3

Harmonic imaging improves image quality primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Suppressing near-field artifact and improving signal-to-noise ratio

Answer

Increasing the transmitted frequency

Answer

Reducing frame rate to improve penetration

Answer

Widening the scan sector to capture more anatomy

Question 4

The Nyquist limit in pulsed wave Doppler is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Half the pulse repetition frequency

Answer

The maximum depth at which flow can be detected

Answer

The maximum frame rate divided by sector width

Answer

The minimum detectable velocity at a given gain setting

Question 5

In M-mode echocardiography, the E-point septal separation (EPSS) is most useful for estimating:

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular systolic function

Answer

Mitral valve area by planimetry

Answer

Right ventricular pressure

Answer

Aortic valve calcification severity

Question 6

When color Doppler aliasing occurs, the most appropriate first adjustment is to:

Accepted Answer

Increase the color Nyquist limit (velocity scale)

Answer

Decrease depth to improve frame rate

Answer

Switch to M-mode to eliminate aliasing

Answer

Reduce gain to suppress the color signal

Question 7

The apical two-chamber view visualizes which cardiac structures?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricle, mitral valve, and left atrium only

Answer

Left ventricle, mitral valve, left atrium, and aortic valve

Answer

Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, and right atrium

Answer

Both ventricles and both atrioventricular valves simultaneously