EAP Paraphrasing and Citing Sources 2 â Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is the BEST example of an effective paraphrase of the sentence: 'Climate change is accelerating the extinction of many species'?
- Global warming is speeding up the disappearance of numerous animal and plant species. (Correct answer)
- Climate change is accelerating the extinction of many species (Smith, 2020).
- According to scientists, 'climate change is accelerating the extinction of many species.'
- Many species are becoming extinct because of various environmental factors.
Correct answer: Global warming is speeding up the disappearance of numerous animal and plant species.
A good paraphrase changes both the vocabulary and sentence structure while preserving the original meaning without adding or removing information.
Question 2: In APA 7th edition, how should a direct quote of fewer than 40 words be formatted?
- Indented as a block quote with no quotation marks
- Enclosed in quotation marks and integrated into the text with a page number citation (Correct answer)
- Enclosed in quotation marks but requiring no citation if the author is named in the sentence
- Written in italics and integrated into the text
Correct answer: Enclosed in quotation marks and integrated into the text with a page number citation
In APA 7th edition, short quotes (under 40 words) are placed in double quotation marks within the running text and must include a page or paragraph number.
Question 3: A student writes: 'Johnson argues that urban poverty is linked to educational underinvestment (Johnson, 2019, p. 45).' What type of citation is this?
- A direct quotation with a parenthetical citation
- A paraphrase with a parenthetical citation (Correct answer)
- A summary with a signal phrase only
- A secondary source citation
Correct answer: A paraphrase with a parenthetical citation
Because no quotation marks are used and the student has reworded Johnson's idea, this is a paraphrase followed by a parenthetical citation.
Question 4: Which strategy BEST helps a writer avoid unintentional plagiarism when paraphrasing?
- Reading the source, closing it, writing from memory, then checking accuracy (Correct answer)
- Replacing every third word with a synonym while keeping the original sentence structure
- Copying the source text and adding quotation marks at the end
- Citing the source only in the bibliography, not in the body of the text
Correct answer: Reading the source, closing it, writing from memory, then checking accuracy
Reading the source, setting it aside, and writing from memory encourages genuine reformulation and reduces the risk of inadvertently echoing the original wording.
Question 5: When is it more appropriate to quote directly rather than paraphrase?
- When the source material is lengthy and complex
- When the author's exact wording is particularly distinctive, precise, or authoritative (Correct answer)
- When the student cannot fully understand the source material
- When the student wants to fill space in a paper
Correct answer: When the author's exact wording is particularly distinctive, precise, or authoritative
Direct quotation is preferred when the original phrasing is so precise, memorable, or authoritative that paraphrasing would lose important nuance.
Question 6: What does 'patchwriting' mean in academic writing?
- Citing multiple sources in a single sentence
- Making minor word substitutions in a source text without truly paraphrasing it (Correct answer)
- Writing a summary that is longer than the original source
- Using a direct quote and then explaining it in your own words
Correct answer: Making minor word substitutions in a source text without truly paraphrasing it
Patchwriting involves making superficial changesâswapping a few words or rearranging phrasesâwhile keeping the original sentence structure, which is considered a form of plagiarism.
Question 7: In MLA format, which element is placed FIRST in a Works Cited entry for a journal article?
- The title of the article
- The name of the journal
- The author's last name (Correct answer)
- The publication year
Correct answer: The author's last name
MLA Works Cited entries begin with the author's last name, followed by a comma and the first name, then the article title.
EAP Paraphrasing and Citing Sources 2
Which of the following is the BEST example of an effective paraphrase of the sentence: 'Climate change is accelerating the extinction of many species'?