DSE - Data Science Ethical Considerations in AI Questions and Answers

Question 1

A bank uses an AI model for loan approvals.
It's discovered that the model denies loans to a disproportionately high number of applicants from a specific zip code, which is strongly correlated with a protected demographic group.
Even though applicants' financial profiles are similar to approved applicants from other areas, their applications are rejected.
What is the most likely ethical issue at play?

Accepted Answer

Algorithmic bias

Answer

Lack of model accuracy

Answer

Insufficient training data volume

Answer

Poor feature engineering

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of Explainable AI (XAI)?

Accepted Answer

To allow stakeholders to understand, trust, and manage the results of an AI model.

Answer

To achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy regardless of model complexity.

Answer

To reduce the computational cost and time required for training complex models.

Answer

To fully automate the process of feature selection and data preprocessing.

Question 3

An organization wants to train a machine learning model on sensitive user data while providing strong mathematical guarantees that the model's output will not reveal information about any single individual in the dataset. Which technique is specifically designed for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Differential Privacy

Answer

K-Anonymity

Answer

Data Encryption

Answer

Feature Hashing

Question 4

A data science team is deploying a critical AI system for medical diagnosis. To ensure accountability for the model's predictions, which of the following is the MOST crucial practice to implement?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a clear governance framework with version control, decision-logging, and designated human oversight.

Answer

Using the most complex deep learning algorithm available for the task.

Answer

Anonymizing all patient data before the training process begins.

Answer

Maximizing the model's raw accuracy above all other evaluation metrics.

Question 5

In the context of AI fairness, what does "demographic parity" (also known as statistical parity) require?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of individuals receiving a positive outcome must be the same across different demographic groups.

Answer

The model must have the same true positive rate and false positive rate across all demographic groups.

Answer

The model must achieve the highest possible accuracy for all groups, even if it leads to different selection rates.

Answer

The model's predictions must be fully explainable to individuals from all demographic backgrounds.

Question 6

A company implements a "human-in-the-loop" (HITL) system for its AI-powered content moderation platform. What is the PRIMARY ethical advantage of this approach?

Accepted Answer

It provides a mechanism for human oversight to correct errors and handle nuanced cases the AI might misinterpret.

Answer

It significantly reduces the computational cost of the AI model.

Answer

It fully automates the process of retraining the model on new data.

Answer

It guarantees the complete elimination of all forms of bias from the system.