DO (True or False) 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: 'Structure and function are interrelated' is one of the four core osteopathic principles.
- True (Correct answer)
- False
- It is one of five osteopathic principles
- This principle was added to osteopathy in 1980
Correct answer: True
Structure and function are interrelated is indeed one of the four foundational osteopathic tenets established by Andrew Taylor Still.
Question 2: Somatic dysfunction can only exist in an acute form and cannot become chronic.
- True
- False — somatic dysfunction can be acute or chronic (Correct answer)
- True, but only in pediatric patients
- Only vertebral joints develop somatic dysfunction
Correct answer: False — somatic dysfunction can be acute or chronic
Somatic dysfunction can be classified as acute or chronic, distinguished by tissue texture changes (boggy vs. fibrotic) and other TART findings.
Question 3: Chapman's reflex points are located exclusively on the posterior surface of the body.
- True
- False — they are found on both anterior and posterior surfaces (Correct answer)
- True, but only in the lumbar region
- Chapman's points are found only on extremities
Correct answer: False — they are found on both anterior and posterior surfaces
Chapman's reflex points exist on both the anterior and posterior body surfaces and represent viscerosomatic reflex relationships.
Question 4: Osteopathic medicine was founded by William Osler in the late 19th century.
- True
- False — it was founded by Andrew Taylor Still (Correct answer)
- True, but he called it 'manipulative therapy'
- Osteopathic medicine was founded in the early 20th century
Correct answer: False — it was founded by Andrew Taylor Still
Andrew Taylor Still founded osteopathic medicine in 1874; William Osler was a renowned allopathic physician with no role in osteopathy's founding.
Question 5: During the flexion phase of the primary respiratory mechanism, the occiput and sacrum move in the same direction.
- True
- False — they move in opposite directions (occiput flexes, sacrum extends) (Correct answer)
- True, but only during inhalation
- The sacrum does not move during the primary respiratory mechanism
Correct answer: False — they move in opposite directions (occiput flexes, sacrum extends)
During PRM flexion, the occiput moves into flexion while the sacrum moves into extension (counternutation), representing opposite motions.
Question 6: Viscerosomatic reflexes can produce palpable somatic tissue changes detectable during osteopathic structural examination.
- True (Correct answer)
- False
- Only in advanced end-stage organ disease
- True, but only in patients who have not received prior OMT
Correct answer: True
Viscerosomatic reflexes result in palpable somatic changes including tissue texture abnormalities, tenderness, and restricted motion at predictable spinal levels.
Question 7: The TART criteria for diagnosing somatic dysfunction stands for: Tissue texture, Asymmetry, Range of motion restriction, and Tenderness.
- True (Correct answer)
- False — TART stands for something different
- True, but Tissue texture is not included
- TART applies only to cervical spine diagnosis
Correct answer: True
TART correctly stands for Tissue texture changes, Asymmetry, Range of motion restriction, and Tenderness — the four hallmarks of somatic dysfunction.
DO (True or False) 2
'Structure and function are interrelated' is one of the four core osteopathic principles.