DO Osteopathic Pharmacology

Question 1

Which drug class is the first-line treatment for hypertension in a patient with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Question 2

A patient stabilized on warfarin is started on rifampin for latent TB. What is the expected effect on INR?

Accepted Answer

INR decreases significantly

Answer

INR increases significantly

Answer

INR remains unchanged

Answer

INR fluctuates unpredictably

Question 3

Which opioid analgesic is contraindicated in renal failure due to accumulation of a toxic active metabolite?

Accepted Answer

Morphine

Answer

Fentanyl

Answer

Methadone

Answer

Buprenorphine

Question 4

A patient receiving IV vancomycin develops flushing and erythema over the face, neck, and chest. What is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Direct mast cell degranulation causing histamine release

Answer

IgE-mediated allergic reaction

Answer

Complement system activation

Answer

T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity

Question 5

Which beta-blocker is most cardioselective and preferred when a beta-blocker is necessary in a patient with mild COPD?

Accepted Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Carvedilol

Answer

Labetalol

Question 6

A woman on oral contraceptives is prescribed an antibiotic for a UTI. Which antibiotic poses the greatest risk of reducing OCP efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Rifampin

Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Cephalexin

Question 7

Probenecid is sometimes co-administered with penicillin to enhance its therapeutic effect. What is the pharmacokinetic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion of penicillin

Answer

Probenecid inhibits penicillinase enzymes in bacteria

Answer

Probenecid increases intestinal absorption of penicillin

Answer

Probenecid displaces penicillin from plasma protein binding