Bone Grafting & Ridge Augmentation Flashcards

Which term describes the property of a graft material that provides a scaffold along which host bone cells can migrate and form new bone?

Answer: Osteoconduction

Osteoconduction refers to the scaffold property of graft material that provides a physical framework for host osteoblasts and vascular tissue to migrate into and form new bone along its surface.

Which process best describes osteoinduction in bone grafting?

Answer: Stimulation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to become bone-forming cells

Osteoinduction is the process by which signaling molecules (particularly BMPs) stimulate undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, initiating de novo bone formation in non-osseous tissue.

Which growth factor, found in demineralized bone matrix, plays the most critical role in bone regeneration by stimulating osteoblast differentiation?

Answer: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP-2 and BMP-7, are the most potent osteoinductive signals; they are exposed during demineralization of bone matrix and are FDA-approved as recombinant proteins for bone regeneration.

What is the primary goal of socket preservation (ridge preservation) performed immediately after tooth extraction?

Answer: To minimize alveolar bone resorption following extraction

Socket preservation using bone graft material placed immediately after extraction significantly reduces the natural dimensional changes (up to 50% width reduction) that occur in the alveolar ridge during the first 3-6 months post-extraction.

Which type of GBR membrane requires a planned second surgical procedure for removal?

Answer: Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane

Non-resorbable e-PTFE (Gore-Tex) membranes provide superior space maintenance but must be surgically retrieved in a second procedure; collagen, polylactic acid, and polyglycolic acid membranes are all bioresorbable and degrade without additional surgery.

What is the primary indication for the ridge splitting (ridge expansion) technique in implant dentistry?

Answer: Widening a narrow but adequately tall alveolar ridge to accommodate an implant

Ridge splitting uses chisels or piezoelectric devices to create a greenstick fracture in a narrow ridge, expanding the cortical plates to create width for simultaneous implant placement and bone grafting while maintaining the native ridge height.

What is the primary benefit of incorporating platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) into bone grafting procedures?

Answer: It concentrates autologous growth factors that may accelerate tissue healing

PRF and PRP are prepared from the patient's own blood and concentrate growth factors such as PDGF, TGF-β, and VEGF; when used as adjuncts in grafting procedures, they may promote angiogenesis and accelerate graft healing and maturation.