DBA Doctor of Business Administration 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which statistical test is most appropriate for examining the relationship between two continuous variables?
- Chi-square test
- Pearson correlation coefficient (Correct answer)
- Mann-Whitney U test
- ANOVA
Correct answer: Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson's r measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two continuous, normally distributed variables.
Question 2: In innovation management, what distinguishes 'disruptive innovation' from 'sustaining innovation'?
- Disruptive innovation improves performance on attributes mainstream customers value
- Disruptive innovation initially targets overlooked segments and later displaces incumbents (Correct answer)
- Sustaining innovation creates entirely new markets from scratch
- Disruptive innovation always originates from startups, never incumbents
Correct answer: Disruptive innovation initially targets overlooked segments and later displaces incumbents
Christensen's disruptive innovation theory describes how simpler, more affordable products first serve low-end or new markets before eventually redefining mainstream markets.
Question 3: Which ethical framework judges the morality of an action solely by its consequences?
- Deontology
- Virtue ethics
- Consequentialism (Correct answer)
- Social contract theory
Correct answer: Consequentialism
Consequentialism (including utilitarianism) holds that an action is morally right if it produces the best overall outcome or greatest good for the greatest number.
Question 4: A company using a 'cost leadership' strategy according to Porter's Generic Strategies aims to:
- Charge premium prices for differentiated products
- Serve a narrow market segment with specialized offerings
- Be the lowest-cost producer in the industry (Correct answer)
- Maximize product features at any cost
Correct answer: Be the lowest-cost producer in the industry
Cost leadership involves achieving the lowest cost structure in the industry, allowing a firm to compete on price or earn higher margins at market prices.
Question 5: In human resource management, 'talent management' primarily refers to:
- Compliance with labor regulations and benefits administration
- Attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining high-potential employees (Correct answer)
- Automating HR processes through enterprise software
- Setting executive compensation benchmarks
Correct answer: Attracting, developing, engaging, and retaining high-potential employees
Talent management is a strategic approach to identifying, developing, and retaining employees who are critical to organizational success.
Question 6: The 'Triple Bottom Line' framework in corporate sustainability measures performance across which three dimensions?
- Cost, quality, and delivery
- People, planet, and profit (Correct answer)
- Innovation, efficiency, and growth
- Risk, return, and liquidity
Correct answer: People, planet, and profit
The Triple Bottom Line (Elkington) expands business success measurement beyond profit to include social (people) and environmental (planet) performance.
Question 7: In quantitative research, 'internal validity' is most threatened by which of the following?
- Small sample size reducing statistical power
- Uncontrolled confounding variables affecting outcomes (Correct answer)
- Non-probability sampling limiting generalizability
- Measurement scales with insufficient response options
Correct answer: Uncontrolled confounding variables affecting outcomes
Internal validity is compromised when extraneous variables, rather than the independent variable, explain changes in the dependent variable.
DBA Doctor of Business Administration 4
Which statistical test is most appropriate for examining the relationship between two continuous variables?