Data Engineering Fundamentals 5

Question 1

What is a data mart?

Accepted Answer

A subset of a data warehouse focused on a specific business area

Answer

A backup of the entire data warehouse

Answer

A real-time streaming buffer

Answer

A tool for writing SQL

Question 2

Which processing model handles data in fixed-size chunks at scheduled intervals?

Accepted Answer

Batch processing

Answer

Stream processing

Answer

Event-driven processing

Answer

Micro-frontends

Question 3

What is the main advantage of using surrogate keys in a data warehouse?

Accepted Answer

They provide stable, system-generated identifiers independent of source-system changes

Answer

They expose business meaning directly

Answer

They eliminate the need for fact tables

Answer

They require natural keys to be NULL

Question 4

What does 'schema drift' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Unexpected changes to the structure of incoming data over time

Answer

Data being moved between regions

Answer

Slow query performance

Answer

Encryption key rotation

Question 5

Which storage layer pattern often organizes data into bronze, silver, and gold tiers?

Accepted Answer

Medallion architecture

Answer

Star schema

Answer

CAP theorem

Answer

Sharding

Question 6

What is the purpose of a dead-letter queue in a streaming pipeline?

Accepted Answer

To capture messages that fail processing for later inspection or retry

Answer

To store the fastest-processed messages

Answer

To compress messages before delivery

Answer

To duplicate every message for backup

Question 7

Why is incremental loading often preferred over full reloads?

Accepted Answer

It processes only new or changed data, reducing time and resource usage

Answer

It always guarantees perfect data quality

Answer

It removes the need for any transformations

Answer

It eliminates the source system