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Data Analysis Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real DAC practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Data Analysis Fundamentals flashcards as text

  1. Which statement best describes the difference between correlation and causation?

    Answer: Correlation shows association, causation shows one variable drives another

    Correlation measures association, but causation requires that one variable actually produces the change in another.

  2. You want the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. Which statistic do you use?

    Answer: Mode

    The mode is defined as the most frequently occurring value.

  3. What does ETL stand for in data processing?

    Answer: Extract, Transform, Load

    ETL is the pipeline of extracting, transforming, and loading data into a destination.

  4. A dataset in 'wide' format is reshaped so each variable becomes its own row. This process is called what?

    Answer: Unpivoting (melting)

    Unpivoting, or melting, converts wide columns into long key-value rows.

  5. Which visualization best reveals the relationship between two continuous variables?

    Answer: Scatter plot

    A scatter plot maps paired numeric values to reveal patterns and correlations.

  6. Filling in a missing numeric value with the column's average is an example of what?

    Answer: Imputation

    Imputation replaces missing values with substitutes like the mean or median.

  7. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

    Answer: 68%

    Under the empirical rule, about 68% of values lie within one standard deviation of the mean.