DAT - Dental Admission Organic Chemistry: Functional Groups Flashcards
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Oxidation of a primary alcohol produces which compound?
Answer: An aldehyde
Mild oxidation of a primary alcohol produces an aldehyde; further oxidation yields a carboxylic acid.
Tollens' reagent is used to distinguish aldehydes from ketones because:
Answer: It oxidizes aldehydes, producing a silver mirror, while ketones do not react
Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylate ions while depositing silver metal as a characteristic mirror; ketones do not react.
Saponification is defined as the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of:
Answer: Esters
Saponification is the reaction of an ester with a strong base (e.g., NaOH) to produce an alcohol and a carboxylate salt (soap).
Which reaction converts a carboxylic acid into an amide?
Answer: Reaction with an amine (acylation)
An amide is formed when a carboxylic acid (or activated derivative) reacts with an amine, creating the -CONH- linkage and releasing water.
Treating an alcohol with HBr produces:
Answer: An alkyl bromide
The hydroxyl group (-OH) of an alcohol is substituted by bromine when treated with HBr, producing an alkyl halide via SN1 or SN2 mechanism.
When a Grignard reagent (RMgX) reacts with a ketone, the product after aqueous workup is:
Answer: A tertiary alcohol
Grignard reagents add to the carbonyl of a ketone, and two carbon substituents already on the ketone carbon make the resulting alcohol tertiary after protonation.