Assisting with Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Procedures Flashcards

Which instrument is specifically designed to detach the periosteum from the underlying bone?

Answer: Periosteal elevator

The periosteal elevator is a surgical instrument used to separate and retract the periosteum (the thin membrane covering the bone) from the surface of the bone. This action exposes the bone for procedures like extractions or implant placement.

To maintain a sterile field, where must the hands of a surgically scrubbed assistant be kept?

Answer: Above the waist and in front of the body

Maintaining a sterile field is paramount in oral surgery. The area from the waist to the shoulders in front of the body is considered the sterile zone for scrubbed personnel, and hands must be kept within this area to prevent contamination.

What is the primary purpose of placing a sterile 2x2 gauze over an extraction site and having the patient bite down?

Answer: To help a blood clot form and stop the bleeding

Applying firm, consistent pressure with a sterile gauze pad over the extraction site helps control bleeding and promotes the formation of a stable blood clot. This clot is essential for proper healing and preventing complications like a dry socket.

An instrument used to smooth the surface of the bone after an extraction to remove sharp edges is called a:

Answer: Bone file

A bone file is a double-ended instrument with serrated surfaces used in a push-pull motion to smooth rough margins of the alveolar bone. This process, called alveoplasty, ensures the tissue heals smoothly and comfortably.

Which type of suture material is designed to be absorbed by the body and does not require removal?

Answer: Gut

Absorbable sutures, such as plain or chromic gut, are made from materials that the body's enzymes can break down and absorb over time. This eliminates the need for a follow-up appointment for suture removal, which is common for non-absorbable materials like silk or nylon.

A patient calls two days after an extraction complaining of severe, throbbing pain and a foul odor. These are classic symptoms of:

Answer: Alveolar osteitis

Alveolar osteitis, commonly known as a 'dry socket,' occurs when the blood clot in the extraction site is dislodged or dissolves prematurely. This exposes the underlying bone and nerve endings, leading to significant pain, a foul odor, and bad taste.

When setting up for a simple extraction, which instrument is used to luxate the tooth from the periodontal ligaments before forceps are applied?

Answer: Elevator

A straight or curved elevator is used to apply controlled force to luxate (loosen) the tooth within its socket. This action severs the periodontal ligaments and expands the alveolar bone, making the final removal with forceps easier and less traumatic.