DAANCE Emergency Drugs and ACLS 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: During CPR for a pediatric patient, what is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio when two rescuers are performing CPR?
- 30:2
- 15:2 (Correct answer)
- 5:1
- 20:2
Correct answer: 15:2
For pediatric two-rescuer CPR, the ratio is 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, differing from the adult 30:2 ratio.
Question 2: Which of the following is the correct placement of hands for adult chest compressions during CPR?
- On the upper third of the sternum
- On the lower half of the sternum (Correct answer)
- Directly over the xiphoid process
- On the left side of the chest over the heart
Correct answer: On the lower half of the sternum
Adult chest compressions should be delivered on the lower half of the sternum to maximize cardiac output without injuring abdominal organs.
Question 3: A patient on warfarin develops a hypertensive emergency in the dental chair. Which IV antihypertensive can be administered rapidly and is commonly stocked for office emergencies?
- Hydralazine
- Labetalol (Correct answer)
- Nitroprusside
- Enalaprilat
Correct answer: Labetalol
Labetalol (alpha and beta blocker) can be given as slow IV push for hypertensive urgency and is a commonly referenced agent in emergency drug kits.
Question 4: When using an automated external defibrillator (AED) on an adult patient, which energy setting is typically delivered for the first shock?
- 50 joules
- 100 joules
- The device-recommended dose (usually 120–200 J biphasic) (Correct answer)
- 360 joules monophasic for all devices
Correct answer: The device-recommended dose (usually 120–200 J biphasic)
AEDs automatically select an appropriate energy dose, typically 120–200 J for biphasic devices; the operator follows device prompts.
Question 5: Which of the '4 Hs and 4 Ts' reversible causes of cardiac arrest refers to severely low body temperature?
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxia
- Hypothermia (Correct answer)
- Hydrogen ion (acidosis)
Correct answer: Hypothermia
Hypothermia is one of the 4 Hs; it causes cardiac arrest and must be treated by rewarming while continuing resuscitation.
Question 6: A patient experiencing an acute anaphylactic reaction has received IM epinephrine. Which IV fluid is most appropriate to administer next for hypotension?
- D5W (5% dextrose in water)
- Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) (Correct answer)
- Lactated Ringer's with potassium
- Albumin 25%
Correct answer: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl)
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is the isotonic crystalloid of choice for volume resuscitation in anaphylaxis-induced hypotension.
Question 7: Dextrose 50% (D50) IV is administered in a dental emergency for which condition?
- Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
- Severe hypoglycemia with loss of consciousness (Correct answer)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Opioid overdose with altered consciousness
Correct answer: Severe hypoglycemia with loss of consciousness
D50 is given IV for severe hypoglycemia when the patient cannot take oral glucose and blood glucose is critically low.
DAANCE Emergency Drugs and ACLS 5
During CPR for a pediatric patient, what is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio when two rescuers are performing CPR?