CWP Human Development and Behavior 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system encompasses the cultural values and beliefs that indirectly shape a child's development?
- Microsystem
- Mesosystem
- Exosystem
- Macrosystem (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Macrosystem
The macrosystem represents the overarching cultural patterns, values, and beliefs that indirectly influence all other systems and a person's development.
Question 2: A wellness practitioner notices a client frequently attributes failures to external causes but takes personal credit for successes. This pattern is best described as:
- Internal locus of control
- Self-serving attribution bias (Correct answer)
- Learned helplessness
- Fundamental attribution error
Correct answer: Self-serving attribution bias
Self-serving attribution bias is the tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to protect self-esteem.
Question 3: Which developmental theorist proposed that identity formation is the central task of adolescence, involving exploring and committing to roles and values?
- Jean Piaget
- Erik Erikson (Correct answer)
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- Lev Vygotsky
Correct answer: Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson identified identity vs. role confusion as the key psychosocial conflict of adolescence, driving the development of a stable sense of self.
Question 4: In the context of adult development, Robert Havighurst's concept of 'developmental tasks' suggests that wellness interventions should be:
- Standardized across all age groups
- Timed to align with age-appropriate life challenges (Correct answer)
- Focused exclusively on physical health milestones
- Delayed until clients express readiness
Correct answer: Timed to align with age-appropriate life challenges
Havighurst proposed that each life stage has specific tasks; wellness interventions are most effective when they align with these age-appropriate developmental challenges.
Question 5: Which attachment style is characterized by a child who shows distress when separated from a caregiver but is not comforted upon reunion?
- Secure attachment
- Anxious-ambivalent attachment (Correct answer)
- Avoidant attachment
- Disorganized attachment
Correct answer: Anxious-ambivalent attachment
Anxious-ambivalent (resistant) attachment involves intense separation distress combined with resistance to comfort upon reunion, reflecting inconsistent caregiving.
Question 6: A 70-year-old client reports feeling a strong sense of satisfaction reviewing their life accomplishments. According to Erikson, this client is successfully navigating which stage?
- Generativity vs. stagnation
- Integrity vs. despair (Correct answer)
- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- Industry vs. inferiority
Correct answer: Integrity vs. despair
Ego integrity vs. despair is Erikson's final stage in late adulthood, where individuals reflect on their life with acceptance or regret.
Question 7: The concept of 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) in wellness practice is most applicable when:
- Assigning tasks a client can already do independently
- Providing support slightly beyond the client's current skill level (Correct answer)
- Waiting for the client to naturally progress without guidance
- Focusing on past behaviors rather than future potential
Correct answer: Providing support slightly beyond the client's current skill level
Vygotsky's ZPD describes the range between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance, making scaffolded support most effective.
CWP Human Development and Behavior 2
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system encompasses the cultural values and beliefs that indirectly shape a child's development?