CVT Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The right coronary artery most commonly supplies which structure responsible for the AV node?
- Left anterior descending artery
- Right coronary artery (Correct answer)
- Circumflex artery
- Obtuse marginal artery
Correct answer: Right coronary artery
The AV node is supplied by the AV nodal artery, which arises from the right coronary artery in ~90% of individuals.
Question 2: Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?
- Mitral valve
- Pulmonic valve
- Tricuspid valve
- Aortic valve (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Aortic valve
The aortic valve closes during diastole to prevent regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle.
Question 3: Cardiac output is defined as which of the following?
- Heart rate × ejection fraction
- Stroke volume × heart rate (Correct answer)
- End-diastolic volume − end-systolic volume
- Mean arterial pressure / systemic vascular resistance
Correct answer: Stroke volume × heart rate
Cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate, representing the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
Question 4: The interventricular septum is anatomically and functionally part of which ventricle?
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle (Correct answer)
- Both equally
- Neither ventricle
Correct answer: Left ventricle
The interventricular septum is developmentally and functionally considered part of the left ventricle.
Question 5: Which of the following best describes preload?
- Resistance the ventricle overcomes to eject blood
- Ventricular wall tension during systole
- Degree of myocardial stretch at end-diastole (Correct answer)
- Contractile strength independent of fiber length
Correct answer: Degree of myocardial stretch at end-diastole
Preload refers to the ventricular wall stress (stretch) at end-diastole, often approximated by end-diastolic volume or pressure.
Question 6: In the cardiac conduction system, the bundle branches divide from which structure?
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His (Correct answer)
- Purkinje network
Correct answer: Bundle of His
The bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle) divides into right and left bundle branches as it reaches the interventricular septum.
Question 7: What is the normal resting cardiac output for an average adult?
- 2–3 L/min
- 4–6 L/min (Correct answer)
- 7–9 L/min
- 10–12 L/min
Correct answer: 4–6 L/min
Normal resting cardiac output is approximately 4–6 L/min, typically around 5 L/min.
CVT Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology 3
The right coronary artery most commonly supplies which structure responsible for the AV node?