CVT Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the heart wall contains the myocardium?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium (Correct answer)
- Endocardium
- Pericardium
Correct answer: Myocardium
The myocardium is the middle muscular layer of the heart wall responsible for pumping action.
Question 2: The coronary sinus drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into which chamber?
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Left ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The coronary sinus empties venous blood from the myocardium into the right atrium.
Question 3: What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- SA node (Correct answer)
- Purkinje fibers
Correct answer: SA node
The sinoatrial (SA) node spontaneously depolarizes at the highest rate and sets the heart's rhythm.
Question 4: During systole, intraventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure at which point?
- Isovolumetric relaxation
- Rapid ejection (Correct answer)
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Slow filling
Correct answer: Rapid ejection
During rapid ejection, ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, causing blood to flow into the aorta.
Question 5: The chordae tendineae connect the papillary muscles to which structures?
- Semilunar valves
- Atrioventricular valve leaflets (Correct answer)
- Trabeculae carneae
- Interventricular septum
Correct answer: Atrioventricular valve leaflets
Chordae tendineae anchor the AV valve leaflets to papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during ventricular contraction.
Question 6: Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- Pulmonary artery
- Superior vena cava
- Pulmonary vein (Correct answer)
- Aorta
Correct answer: Pulmonary vein
The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Question 7: Starling's Law of the Heart states that stroke volume increases in response to what?
- Decreased heart rate
- Increased preload (end-diastolic volume) (Correct answer)
- Decreased afterload
- Increased sympathetic tone
Correct answer: Increased preload (end-diastolic volume)
Frank-Starling law states that greater ventricular filling (preload) stretches myocardial fibers, increasing contractile force and stroke volume.
CVT Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology 2
Which layer of the heart wall contains the myocardium?