CTR Cancer Biology & Pathology 2

Question 1

Which of the following is a defining feature that distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

Capacity to invade and metastasize to distant sites

Answer

Slow, expansile growth pattern

Answer

Presence of a well-defined fibrous capsule

Answer

Close histological resemblance to tissue of origin

Question 2

In ICD-O-3 coding, what does the morphology code represent?

Accepted Answer

The histologic cell type and behavior of the neoplasm

Answer

The primary anatomical site of the tumor

Answer

The clinical stage at time of diagnosis

Answer

The treatment modality selected for the patient

Question 3

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of which three receptors or proteins?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2

Answer

HER2, EGFR, and VEGF

Answer

ER, HER2, and BRCA1 mutation

Answer

PR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 mutation

Question 4

The term 'anaplastic' when describing a tumor indicates:

Accepted Answer

Tumor cells lack differentiation and typically behave aggressively

Answer

Tumor cells are well-differentiated and slow growing

Answer

Tumor cells are highly differentiated with favorable prognosis

Answer

Tumor is confined to the primary site without invasion

Question 5

Squamous cell carcinoma typically arises from which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer

Glandular epithelium

Answer

Transitional (urothelial) epithelium

Answer

Neuroendocrine cells

Question 6

Which pathologic finding indicates that cancer cells have entered blood vessels or lymphatic channels within the tumor specimen?

Accepted Answer

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI)

Answer

Perineural invasion

Answer

Tumor budding

Answer

Extranodal extension

Question 7

A tumor described as 'well-differentiated' most accurately means:

Accepted Answer

The tumor cells closely resemble the normal cells of the tissue of origin

Answer

The tumor has spread to multiple organ systems

Answer

The tumor is ineligible for surgical resection

Answer

The tumor has a high mitotic rate and rapid growth