CTO Runway Incursion Prevention 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which FAA order provides the primary guidance on runway incursion prevention for tower controllers?
- FAA Order 7110.65 (Correct answer)
- FAA Order 8260.3
- FAA Order 7400.11
- FAA Order 1050.1
Correct answer: FAA Order 7110.65
FAA Order 7110.65 (Air Traffic Control) is the primary directive governing tower controller procedures including runway incursion prevention.
Question 2: What is a 'runway incursion' as defined by the FAA?
- Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for landing or takeoff (Correct answer)
- A runway excursion caused by brake failure
- An aircraft deviation from a standard instrument departure
- Any taxiway confusion reported by a pilot
Correct answer: Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for landing or takeoff
The FAA defines a runway incursion as any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area of a surface designated for landing or takeoff.
Question 3: A Category A runway incursion is defined as one in which:
- A serious incident occurred where a collision was narrowly avoided (Correct answer)
- A vehicle entered the runway without clearance but no aircraft was present
- A pilot read back a clearance incorrectly
- A controller issued a runway crossing clearance to the wrong aircraft
Correct answer: A serious incident occurred where a collision was narrowly avoided
Category A is the most severe classification, involving a separation decreasing to the point where a collision was barely avoided.
Question 4: Under what condition should a tower controller issue a LAHSO clearance?
- Only when the pilot accepts, weather permits, and the available landing distance is sufficient (Correct answer)
- Whenever traffic volume requires expedited operations
- Only during daylight hours with no tailwind
- When the ILS is out of service and visual approaches are in use
Correct answer: Only when the pilot accepts, weather permits, and the available landing distance is sufficient
Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) require pilot acceptance, appropriate weather minimums, and sufficient declared landing distance.
Question 5: When two aircraft are cleared for simultaneous operations on intersecting runways, what is the controller's primary responsibility?
- Ensure one aircraft clears the intersection before the other reaches it (Correct answer)
- Issue traffic advisories to both aircraft
- Coordinate with the TRACON before issuing any clearance
- Hold one aircraft short until the other has landed completely
Correct answer: Ensure one aircraft clears the intersection before the other reaches it
The controller must ensure intersection clearance — one aircraft must be clear of the intersection before the other aircraft reaches it.
Question 6: Which lighting system helps prevent runway incursions by alerting pilots when they approach an active runway while taxiing?
- Runway Guard Lights (RGL) (Correct answer)
- Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)
- Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
- Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
Correct answer: Runway Guard Lights (RGL)
Runway Guard Lights (yellow flashing lights) are installed at taxiway/runway intersections to warn pilots they are approaching an active runway.
Question 7: What phraseology should a controller use to instruct an aircraft to stop immediately due to a potential runway incursion?
- '[callsign] STOP IMMEDIATELY' (Correct answer)
- '[callsign] Hold position'
- '[callsign] Cancel takeoff clearance'
- '[callsign] Abort, abort'
Correct answer: '[callsign] STOP IMMEDIATELY'
The emergency stop phraseology 'STOP IMMEDIATELY' is used when an immediate halt is required to prevent a collision.
CTO Runway Incursion Prevention 2
Which FAA order provides the primary guidance on runway incursion prevention for tower controllers?