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Emissions Control & Environmental Compliance Flashcards

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  1. Which federal agency is primarily responsible for setting and enforcing vehicle emissions standards in the United States?

    Answer: EPA

    The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets and enforces vehicle emissions standards under the Clean Air Act.

  2. What does the acronym 'OBD-II' stand for in the context of emissions diagnostics?

    Answer: On-Board Diagnostics, second generation

    OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics, second generation) is a standardized system mandated in 1996 that monitors vehicle emissions and engine performance.

  3. A vehicle fails an emissions test because of excessive HC (hydrocarbon) emissions at idle. Which component is MOST likely at fault?

    Answer: Clogged fuel injectors

    Clogged fuel injectors cause incomplete combustion, leading to elevated unburned hydrocarbon emissions at idle.

  4. Under EPA Tier 3 vehicle emissions standards, which pollutant standard was significantly tightened compared to Tier 2?

    Answer: Particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)

    EPA Tier 3 substantially lowered allowable particulate matter and NOx emissions, aligning U.S. standards more closely with California's LEV III rules.

  5. What is the primary function of a diesel particulate filter (DPF)?

    Answer: Trap and oxidize soot particles from diesel exhaust

    A diesel particulate filter captures soot particles from exhaust and periodically burns them off during regeneration to reduce PM emissions.

  6. When a technician performs an evaporative emissions (EVAP) system smoke test, what is the purpose of introducing smoke into the system?

    Answer: To identify leaks that allow fuel vapors to escape into the atmosphere

    Smoke introduced into the EVAP system will escape visibly from any leak, allowing the technician to pinpoint where fuel vapors are venting to the atmosphere.

  7. Which of the following best describes the role of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in emissions control?

    Answer: It routes a portion of exhaust gases back into the intake to lower combustion temperatures and reduce NOx

    EGR reduces NOx formation by diluting the intake charge with inert exhaust gas, lowering peak combustion temperatures.