CTC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and hair follicles?
- Epidermis
- Dermis (Correct answer)
- Hypodermis
- Stratum corneum
Correct answer: Dermis
The dermis is the middle layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
Question 2: During a telehealth visit, a patient reports bilateral leg swelling and shortness of breath. Which body system should the provider prioritize assessing first?
- Musculoskeletal
- Cardiovascular (Correct answer)
- Renal
- Lymphatic
Correct answer: Cardiovascular
Bilateral leg edema combined with dyspnea are classic signs of heart failure, making cardiovascular assessment the priority.
Question 3: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?
- Left ventricle
- Left atrium
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Right ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The SA node, the heart's primary pacemaker, is located in the wall of the right atrium near the superior vena cava.
Question 4: Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla and plays a key role in the 'fight-or-flight' response?
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone
- Epinephrine (Correct answer)
- Insulin
Correct answer: Epinephrine
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by the adrenal medulla and triggers the sympathetic 'fight-or-flight' response.
Question 5: A telehealth patient with type 2 diabetes asks why their kidneys filter glucose into urine. What is the physiological threshold for renal glucose reabsorption?
- 80 mg/dL
- 120 mg/dL
- 180 mg/dL (Correct answer)
- 250 mg/dL
Correct answer: 180 mg/dL
The renal threshold for glucose is approximately 180 mg/dL; above this level, the nephron tubules cannot reabsorb all filtered glucose and it spills into urine.
Question 6: Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance?
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum (Correct answer)
- Thalamus
Correct answer: Cerebellum
The cerebellum coordinates smooth, precise voluntary movements and is essential for balance and posture.
Question 7: Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via which vessels?
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins (Correct answer)
- Superior vena cava
- Coronary arteries
Correct answer: Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.
CTC Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 2
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and hair follicles?