CTBS Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and serves as a shock absorber in the spine?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Fibrocartilage (Correct answer)
- Elastic cartilage
- Articular cartilage
Correct answer: Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage, found in intervertebral discs, provides tensile strength and compressive resistance for spinal shock absorption.
Question 2: The periosteum serves which critical function relevant to bone tissue banking?
- Producing synovial fluid for joint lubrication
- Providing a vascular supply and osteoprogenitor cells for bone repair (Correct answer)
- Synthesizing collagen type II for articular surfaces
- Regulating calcium reabsorption in the nephron
Correct answer: Providing a vascular supply and osteoprogenitor cells for bone repair
The periosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells and blood vessels that are essential for bone regeneration and healing.
Question 3: In the context of tissue donation, which layer of the cornea provides the majority of its structural tensile strength?
- Epithelium
- Bowman's layer
- Stroma (Correct answer)
- Descemet's membrane
Correct answer: Stroma
The corneal stroma, composed of organized collagen lamellae, accounts for approximately 90% of corneal thickness and its tensile strength.
Question 4: Which anatomical structure separates the cortical bone from the medullary cavity and is relevant when processing femoral shaft allografts?
- Endosteum (Correct answer)
- Periosteum
- Epiphyseal plate
- Cancellous lattice
Correct answer: Endosteum
The endosteum is a thin connective tissue lining the inner surface of cortical bone, bordering the medullary cavity.
Question 5: A tissue bank is processing patellar tendon grafts. The patellar tendon is primarily composed of which collagen type?
- Type I collagen (Correct answer)
- Type II collagen
- Type III collagen
- Type IV collagen
Correct answer: Type I collagen
Tendons, including the patellar tendon, are predominantly composed of type I collagen arranged in parallel bundles for tensile strength.
Question 6: Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and is a commonly referenced cardiac anatomical landmark?
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Mitral valve (Correct answer)
- Aortic valve
Correct answer: Mitral valve
The mitral (bicuspid) valve controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle, preventing backflow during ventricular contraction.
Question 7: In musculoskeletal tissue recovery, the saphenous vein runs along which anatomical border of the leg, making it a landmark during surgical dissection?
- Lateral border of the fibula
- Medial border of the tibia (Correct answer)
- Posterior surface of the femur
- Anterior surface of the patella
Correct answer: Medial border of the tibia
The great saphenous vein travels along the medial aspect of the leg adjacent to the tibial border, making it a key landmark during lower extremity dissection.
CTBS Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and serves as a shock absorber in the spine?