CTA Child Development & Learning Theories 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences suggests that intelligence is:
- A single, fixed capacity measured by IQ tests
- Made up of several distinct types of abilities (Correct answer)
- Primarily determined by genetics
- Developed only through formal schooling
Correct answer: Made up of several distinct types of abilities
Gardner proposed at least eight types of intelligence (e.g., linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical), challenging the notion of a single IQ.
Question 2: Which stage of Piaget's theory involves the development of logical thinking about concrete objects and events?
- Sensorimotor
- Preoperational
- Concrete Operational (Correct answer)
- Formal Operational
Correct answer: Concrete Operational
The Concrete Operational stage (ages 7–11) is when children develop logical thinking, including understanding of conservation and classification.
Question 3: A teacher assistant notices a child copies the aggressive behavior of a classmate after watching that classmate get attention. This best illustrates:
- Classical conditioning
- Negative reinforcement
- Observational learning (modeling) (Correct answer)
- Intrinsic motivation
Correct answer: Observational learning (modeling)
Observational learning, described by Bandura, occurs when a child imitates behavior they have watched others perform.
Question 4: Which attachment style is most associated with healthy social-emotional development in young children?
- Anxious-ambivalent attachment
- Avoidant attachment
- Secure attachment (Correct answer)
- Disorganized attachment
Correct answer: Secure attachment
Secure attachment, formed when caregivers are consistently responsive, is linked to better social skills and emotional regulation.
Question 5: The term 'developmentally appropriate practice' (DAP) means instruction that:
- Uses the same methods for all age groups
- Matches teaching strategies to children's ages and individual needs (Correct answer)
- Focuses exclusively on academic skill-building
- Avoids play-based activities in the classroom
Correct answer: Matches teaching strategies to children's ages and individual needs
DAP refers to teaching that is based on knowledge of child development and adapts to each child's age, individual characteristics, and cultural context.
Question 6: A child who understands that objects continue to exist even when out of sight has achieved:
- Conservation
- Object permanence (Correct answer)
- Centration
- Egocentrism
Correct answer: Object permanence
Object permanence, typically achieved by 8–12 months, is the understanding that objects still exist when they cannot be seen.
Question 7: Which of the following is an example of fine motor skill development in a 5-year-old?
- Running and jumping
- Cutting with scissors along a line (Correct answer)
- Climbing playground equipment
- Throwing a ball overhand
Correct answer: Cutting with scissors along a line
Cutting along a line requires precise hand and finger coordination, making it a fine motor skill appropriate for 5-year-olds.
CTA Child Development & Learning Theories 3
Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences suggests that intelligence is: