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IP Networking & Telecommunications Protocols Flashcards

6 cards from real CTA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. In telecommunications, what is a 'trunk' in the context of traditional telephony?

    Answer: A high-capacity communication link that carries multiple voice circuits between switching centers or between a PBX and the PSTN

    A telephone trunk aggregates multiple voice channels between switching points (e.g., central offices or PBX to CO), enabling efficient shared transport of many simultaneous calls.

  2. What is the significance of RFC 1918 address space in enterprise telecommunications?

    Answer: It designates private IP address ranges (10.x.x.x, 172.16–31.x.x, 192.168.x.x) that are not routable on the public internet

    RFC 1918 defines three private IP ranges that organizations use internally; these addresses must be NATed to a public IP when accessing the internet.

  3. What is the difference between UDP and TCP in the context of VoIP transport?

    Answer: UDP is preferred for VoIP because it has lower overhead and no retransmission delays; TCP retransmits lost packets, which causes unacceptable voice delay

    VoIP uses UDP via RTP because retransmitting late or lost packets would cause voice to sound worse than simply concealing a lost packet; TCP's retransmissions add unacceptable jitter.

  4. What does the term 'AS number' (ASN) refer to in internet routing?

    Answer: A unique identifier assigned to an autonomous system for use in BGP routing between organizations

    An ASN (Autonomous System Number) uniquely identifies a network or collection of networks under a single administrative domain that uses BGP to exchange routing information with other ASes.

  5. What is 'jitter' in VoIP networks and how does it affect call quality?

    Answer: Variation in packet arrival times; high jitter causes choppy audio if the jitter buffer is insufficient

    Jitter is the variability in inter-packet arrival times; when jitter exceeds the jitter buffer depth, packets arrive out of order or too late, resulting in choppy voice audio.

  6. In Ethernet networking, what is the function of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

    Answer: To prevent bridging loops in redundant switch topologies by logically blocking redundant paths

    STP prevents Layer 2 broadcast storms and loops in networks with redundant switch paths by placing ports in blocking state on redundant links.