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Broadband & Access Network Technologies Flashcards

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  1. What is the maximum downstream speed supported by VDSL2 Profile 17a?

    Answer: 100 Mbps

    VDSL2 Profile 17a operates up to 17.664 MHz and supports downstream speeds up to 100 Mbps over short copper loops.

  2. What does DOCSIS stand for?

    Answer: Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

    DOCSIS stands for Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification, the standard governing data transmission over cable TV networks.

  3. In DSL technology, what is referred to as the 'last mile'?

    Answer: The connection between the central office and the customer premises

    The 'last mile' refers to the final leg of the telecommunications network connecting the central office (CO) to the end customer's premises, typically over copper wire.

  4. Which multiplexing technique separates upstream and downstream signals on an HFC cable network?

    Answer: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

    HFC networks use Frequency Division Multiplexing to assign separate frequency bands for upstream (5–42 MHz) and downstream (54–1000+ MHz) transmissions.

  5. Which DOCSIS version introduced Full Duplex (FDX) operation, enabling symmetric multi-gigabit speeds?

    Answer: DOCSIS 4.0

    DOCSIS 4.0 introduced Full Duplex (FDX) technology, allowing the same spectrum to be used simultaneously for upstream and downstream, enabling symmetric multi-gigabit broadband over coaxial cable.

  6. What technology allows multiple DSL lines to be aggregated together to increase total bandwidth?

    Answer: DSL bonding (G.Bond / ITU G.998)

    DSL bonding, standardized as ITU-T G.998 (G.Bond), allows two or more DSL pairs to be combined, effectively multiplying available bandwidth for a single subscriber.

  7. What is the primary factor that limits ADSL performance compared to fiber optic broadband?

    Answer: Signal attenuation increasing with loop distance from the CO

    ADSL performance degrades significantly with distance because copper wire attenuates high-frequency signals, reducing both speed and signal-to-noise ratio the farther the customer is from the central office.