CSU Natural Sciences 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the site of aerobic cellular respiration, producing the majority of ATP used by eukaryotic cells.
Question 2: What is the approximate speed of light in a vacuum?
- 3 × 10^6 m/s
- 3 × 10^8 m/s (Correct answer)
- 3 × 10^10 m/s
- 3 × 10^12 m/s
Correct answer: 3 × 10^8 m/s
Light travels at approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second (300,000 km/s) in a vacuum, denoted by the constant 'c'.
Question 3: In chemistry, what does pH measure?
- The pressure of a solution
- The temperature of a solution
- The acidity or alkalinity of a solution (Correct answer)
- The density of a solution
Correct answer: The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution; values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 is alkaline.
Question 4: Which gas law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature?
- Charles's Law
- Avogadro's Law
- Boyle's Law (Correct answer)
- Gay-Lussac's Law
Correct answer: Boyle's Law
Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂).
Question 5: What is the primary function of the cell membrane in living cells?
- Energy production
- Protein synthesis
- Regulating what enters and exits the cell (Correct answer)
- Storing genetic information
Correct answer: Regulating what enters and exits the cell
The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling which substances pass in and out of the cell through selective permeability.
Question 6: Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Igneous (Correct answer)
- Composite
Correct answer: Igneous
Igneous rocks form when magma (underground molten rock) or lava (surface molten rock) cools and solidifies.
Question 7: What is the chemical formula for water?
- HO
- H2O (Correct answer)
- H3O
- H2O2
Correct answer: H2O
Water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom, giving it unique properties like polarity.
CSU Natural Sciences 2
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?