CST Adult Learning Principles & Instructional Design 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Malcolm Knowles' theory of how adults learn best is formally known as:
- Pedagogy
- Andragogy (Correct answer)
- Heutagogy
- Synergogy
Correct answer: Andragogy
Malcolm Knowles coined 'andragogy' to describe the art and science of helping adults learn, distinguishing it from pedagogy (child-focused teaching).
Question 2: According to adult learning theory, adults are primarily motivated to learn when:
- They are required to by their employer
- They see immediate relevance to their work or life (Correct answer)
- They are tested and evaluated frequently
- The material is delivered in lecture format
Correct answer: They see immediate relevance to their work or life
Adults are intrinsically motivated when learning has immediate applicability and is clearly relevant to their current roles or challenges.
Question 3: Which statement best describes 'self-directed learning' as a principle of andragogy?
- Adults learn best when told exactly what to study
- Adults take responsibility for identifying and driving their own learning (Correct answer)
- Adults require close supervision to stay focused
- Adults prefer competitive group-based instruction
Correct answer: Adults take responsibility for identifying and driving their own learning
Self-directed learning means adults take initiative in identifying their learning needs, setting goals, and evaluating their own progress.
Question 4: The '70-20-10' learning model suggests that the largest proportion of professional development occurs through:
- Formal classroom training
- Coaching and mentoring relationships
- On-the-job experiential learning (Correct answer)
- Reading and self-study materials
Correct answer: On-the-job experiential learning
The 70-20-10 model holds that 70% of learning comes from on-the-job experience, 20% from social/peer learning, and 10% from formal instruction.
Question 5: In Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, which represents the highest level of cognitive learning?
- Evaluate
- Analyze
- Create (Correct answer)
- Apply
Correct answer: Create
In Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, 'Create' is the apex — requiring learners to synthesize knowledge to produce original work or solutions.
Question 6: The ADDIE instructional design model stands for which sequence of phases?
- Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate (Correct answer)
- Assess, Define, Deliver, Integrate, Examine
- Arrange, Demonstrate, Discuss, Improve, Examine
- Apply, Diagnose, Design, Implement, Evaluate
Correct answer: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate
ADDIE is a systematic instructional design framework: Analyze (needs), Design (blueprint), Develop (content), Implement (deliver), and Evaluate (measure effectiveness).
Question 7: The VARK model categorizes learners based on preferences for which four modalities?
- Verbal, Artistic, Reflective, Kinesthetic
- Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic (Correct answer)
- Visual, Analytical, Rhythmic, Kinesthetic
- Verbal, Abstract, Rational, Knowledge-based
Correct answer: Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, Kinesthetic
Neil Fleming's VARK model identifies four learning preferences: Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic.
CST Adult Learning Principles & Instructional Design 1
Malcolm Knowles' theory of how adults learn best is formally known as: