Industrial Hygiene and Health Hazards Flashcards
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What is the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) for noise in general industry?
Answer: 90 dBA
OSHA's PEL for occupational noise exposure is 90 dBA as an 8-hour TWA for general industry under 29 CFR 1910.95.
Which sampling method measures a worker's actual breathing zone exposure to airborne contaminants throughout a work shift?
Answer: Personal sampling
Personal sampling involves placing a collection device in the worker's breathing zone to accurately measure individual exposure over a shift.
What term describes the concentration of a chemical at which 50% of a test animal population dies within a specified period?
Answer: LC50
LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) is the airborne concentration that kills 50% of test animals, while LD50 refers to a lethal dose via ingestion or skin contact.
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom) requires Safety Data Sheets to follow which format?
Answer: 16-section GHS format
OSHA's HazCom 2012 (29 CFR 1910.1200) aligns with GHS and requires SDSs to have a standardized 16-section format.
Which type of health hazard results from a single short-term exposure to a high concentration of a substance?
Answer: Acute health effect
Acute health effects occur rapidly after a single or short-term exposure to a hazardous substance at high concentrations.
Which industrial hygiene control is considered the most effective method for reducing worker exposure to chemical hazards?
Answer: Engineering controls — elimination or substitution
The hierarchy of controls places elimination and substitution at the top as the most effective methods for permanently removing or reducing hazards.