CSR CSR Pharmacology & Drug-Nutrient Interactions in Renal Disease 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which phosphate binder is calcium-based and commonly used to manage hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients?
- Sevelamer carbonate
- Lanthanum carbonate
- Calcium acetate (Correct answer)
- Sucroferric oxyhydroxide
Correct answer: Calcium acetate
Calcium acetate is a calcium-based phosphate binder used to control hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients.
Question 2: Which antihypertensive drug class can significantly increase serum potassium by reducing aldosterone secretion in CKD patients?
- Calcium channel blockers
- ACE inhibitors (Correct answer)
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazide diuretics
Correct answer: ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone secretion, leading to potassium retention and increased hyperkalemia risk in CKD.
Question 3: Sevelamer is preferred over calcium-based phosphate binders in CKD patients who have which condition?
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypercalcemia or vascular calcification (Correct answer)
- Hypomagnesemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
Correct answer: Hypercalcemia or vascular calcification
Sevelamer is preferred when calcium-based binders may worsen hypercalcemia or contribute to vascular calcification.
Question 4: Which vitamin supplement requires active-form supplementation in CKD due to impaired renal 1-alpha hydroxylation?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B12
- Calcitriol (active vitamin D) (Correct answer)
- Vitamin E
Correct answer: Calcitriol (active vitamin D)
CKD impairs renal 1-alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D, requiring supplementation with its active form, calcitriol.
Question 5: Loop diuretics in CKD patients may increase risk of which electrolyte deficiency due to increased urinary losses?
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypomagnesemia (Correct answer)
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: Hypomagnesemia
Loop diuretics increase urinary magnesium excretion, predisposing CKD patients to hypomagnesemia.
Question 6: Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) used for anemia in CKD require adequate stores of which nutrient for efficacy?
- Calcitriol
- Zinc
- Iron (Correct answer)
- Folate
Correct answer: Iron
ESAs stimulate red blood cell production but require sufficient iron stores to support erythropoiesis effectively.
CSR CSR Pharmacology & Drug-Nutrient Interactions in Renal Disease 1
Which phosphate binder is calcium-based and commonly used to manage hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients?