CSR CKD Stages and Dietary Management

Question 1

According to KDIGO 2012, CKD Stage 3 is further divided into 3a and 3b based on GFR thresholds. What GFR range defines Stage 3b?

Accepted Answer

GFR 30–44 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

GFR 45–59 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

GFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

GFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73m²

Question 2

In early CKD (Stage 1–2), the dietary intervention with the STRONGEST evidence for preserving kidney function in patients with diabetic nephropathy is:

Accepted Answer

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy combined with blood glucose control and dietary sodium restriction

Answer

Strict potassium restriction to <1000 mg/day

Answer

High-dose vitamin C supplementation to reduce glomerular oxidative stress

Answer

Elimination of all animal protein from the diet

Question 3

For a CKD Stage 4 patient (GFR 20 mL/min) with hyperphosphatemia, when should phosphate binders be taken to maximize efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Taken during or immediately after meals containing phosphorus

Answer

Taken on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals

Answer

Taken at bedtime for overnight phosphorus control

Answer

Taken once daily in the morning regardless of meals

Question 4

A CKD Stage 3 patient on an ACE inhibitor develops serum potassium of 5.8 mEq/L. Which dietary approach is the FIRST-LINE recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Implement a moderate potassium restriction of 2000–2500 mg/day with leaching techniques for high-potassium vegetables

Answer

Restrict dietary potassium to <1000 mg/day immediately

Answer

Switch the patient to a high-protein diet to promote cellular potassium uptake

Answer

Prescribe sodium polystyrene sulfonate without any dietary change

Question 5

The 'KDIGO heat map' used for CKD staging considers two variables to predict CKD progression risk and prognosis. What are these two variables?

Accepted Answer

GFR category (G1–G5) and albuminuria category (A1–A3)

Answer

Serum creatinine level and patient age

Answer

Blood pressure and serum phosphorus

Answer

Body weight and dietary protein intake

Question 6

Which of the following foods is MOST appropriate as a protein source for a CKD Stage 4 patient trying to maintain adequate intake while minimizing phosphorus load?

Accepted Answer

Egg whites (3 large)

Answer

Processed cheese (2 oz)

Answer

Dark chicken meat with bone (3 oz)

Answer

Whole milk (8 oz)