Risk Assessment & Mitigation Flashcards
7 cards from real CSR practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Risk Assessment & Mitigation flashcards as text
A hemodialysis patient reports taking over-the-counter antacids for heartburn. Which ingredient in common antacids poses an acute toxicity risk specifically for dialysis patients?
Answer: Magnesium hydroxide causing hypermagnesemia
Magnesium-containing antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta) are poorly cleared by dialysis, causing hypermagnesemia with risks of cardiac conduction abnormalities and neuromuscular blockade.
A CKD patient's dietary recall reveals high intake of star fruit (carambola). Which neurological risk must the dietitian urgently communicate regarding this food?
Answer: Caramboxin toxin causing encephalopathy and seizures in CKD
Star fruit contains caramboxin, a neurotoxin normally cleared by healthy kidneys; in CKD patients it accumulates and causes intractable hiccups, seizures, and encephalopathy — even in small amounts.
In assessing fracture risk for a patient with CKD-MBD, which combination of lab findings indicates the highest bone disease severity?
Answer: Elevated PTH, hyperphosphatemia, low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
The combination of hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, and low active vitamin D characterizes advanced CKD-MBD with the highest risk of renal osteodystrophy and fractures.
A registered dietitian identifies that a CKD patient has been consuming energy intakes consistently below 25 kcal/kg/day for 2 months. What is the priority metabolic risk of prolonged hypocaloric intake in this population?
Answer: Gluconeogenesis from endogenous protein catabolism worsening uremia
Inadequate caloric intake forces the body to use protein as fuel through gluconeogenesis, increasing urea production and worsening uremia while depleting lean body mass.
A patient on cyclosporine post-renal transplant presents with gingival hyperplasia and elevated serum potassium. Which drug-nutrient interaction risk should the dietitian address?
Answer: Grapefruit juice consumption increasing cyclosporine levels and hyperkalemia
Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4, dramatically increasing cyclosporine blood levels, which worsens nephrotoxicity and contributes to hyperkalemia through impaired renal potassium excretion.
During care planning for a CKD patient with advanced diabetes, the dietitian identifies gastroparesis. Which nutritional risk does gastroparesis most directly create in this population?
Answer: Unpredictable carbohydrate absorption leading to glucose instability and malnutrition
Gastroparesis causes erratic gastric emptying, making carbohydrate timing unpredictable, leading to postprandial hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and progressive malnutrition from food avoidance.
A renal dietitian is developing a risk mitigation plan for a patient with CKD stage 5 and anorexia. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are prescribed. Which monitoring parameter best determines whether ONS is effectively reducing malnutrition risk?
Answer: Stabilization or improvement in dry weight and serum albumin over 4–8 weeks
Stabilization or improvement in dry weight combined with rising serum albumin over 4–8 weeks is the best combined indicator that ONS is successfully reversing nutritional decline.