CSP Pediatric Nutrition Disorders & Conditions 5

Question 1

A 3-month-old with suspected cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is formula-fed. Which formula change is most appropriate as a first step?

Accepted Answer

Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula

Answer

An extensively hydrolyzed formula is the first-line recommendation for CMPA in infants because soy protein is cross-reactive in up to 50% of CMPA cases.

Question 2

In a child with nephrotic syndrome during an acute relapse, which dietary modification is most important?

Accepted Answer

Sodium restriction to manage edema

Answer

Sodium restriction reduces fluid retention and edema during nephrotic syndrome relapses; excess protein intake does not compensate for urinary losses and may worsen renal burden.

Question 3

Which dietary intervention has the strongest evidence for seizure reduction in children with drug-resistant epilepsy?

Accepted Answer

Ketogenic diet

Answer

The ketogenic diet (high fat, low carbohydrate) has the strongest evidence for reducing seizure frequency in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Question 4

A 6-year-old post-liver transplant child on tacrolimus needs nutritional monitoring. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with tacrolimus use?

Accepted Answer

Hypomagnesemia

Answer

Tacrolimus causes renal magnesium wasting, leading to hypomagnesemia, which requires dietary supplementation or magnesium supplementation.

Question 5

Which is the recommended first-line enteral access route for a child requiring long-term (>4–6 weeks) tube feeding?

Accepted Answer

Gastrostomy tube (G-tube)

Answer

For long-term enteral nutrition beyond 4–6 weeks, a gastrostomy tube is preferred over nasogastric tubes for improved comfort, safety, and quality of life.

(CSP) Certified Specialist in Pediatric Nutrition Practice Test

(CSP) Certified Specialist in Pediatric Nutrition Practice Test

CSP Pediatric Nutrition Disorders & Conditions 5