Career Counseling Theories & Techniques Flashcards

A client from a collectivist cultural background resists career exploration because family approval is paramount. Which culturally responsive action should the counselor take FIRST?

Answer: Acknowledge the cultural value of family interdependence and include it as a legitimate career factor

Culturally responsive practice means recognizing collectivist values as valid, not pathological, and integrating family input as a meaningful career variable.

In Holland's theory, the 'differentiation' of a profile refers to:

Answer: The degree to which a person's interests cluster strongly in one or two types versus being spread across all six

Differentiation describes how peaked or flat a Holland profile is; a highly differentiated profile has clear dominant types while a flat profile shows similar scores across types.

Which of the following describes 'outcome expectations' as defined within Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT)?

Answer: Imagined consequences a person believes will follow from performing a behavior

Outcome expectations in SCCT are personal beliefs about the likely results of performing a behavior, distinct from self-efficacy (belief in capability).

A career counselor administers the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI). High scores on the Decision-Making Confusion scale MOST likely suggest the client:

Answer: Lacks the ability to initiate or sustain the career decision-making process due to negative affect or dysfunctional cognitions

The CTI's Decision-Making Confusion scale measures inability to initiate or sustain decision-making, often tied to negative emotions and dysfunctional thinking.

Tiedeman and O'Hara extended Super's work by describing career decision-making as having which two broad phases?

Answer: Anticipation and Implementation/Adjustment

Tiedeman and O'Hara's paradigm divides career decision-making into Anticipation (before the decision) and Implementation/Adjustment (after entry).

When a CSP practitioner uses 'reframing' during a career counseling session, the PRIMARY goal is to:

Answer: Offer an alternative perspective on a situation so the client can view it differently

Reframing is a cognitive technique that presents an alternative interpretation of a situation, potentially opening new possibilities for the client.

According to Parsons's Trait-and-Factor theory, the third and final step in career guidance is:

Answer: Using 'true reasoning' to match personal traits with occupational requirements

Parsons identified three steps: know yourself, know the world of work, and use true reasoning to relate these two sets of facts.