CSCS CSCS: Biomechanics of Resistance 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which plane of motion is primarily involved in a lateral raise exercise?
- Sagittal plane
- Frontal (coronal) plane (Correct answer)
- Transverse plane
- Oblique plane
Correct answer: Frontal (coronal) plane
The lateral raise moves the arm away from the body's midline in the frontal (coronal) plane through glenohumeral abduction.
Question 2: When calculating net joint torque during a squat, which of the following is NOT a required input?
- Ground reaction force
- Moment arm of the external force
- Muscle fiber type percentage (Correct answer)
- Limb segment mass
Correct answer: Muscle fiber type percentage
Net joint torque analysis requires kinetic (force) and kinematic (position) data; muscle fiber type is a histological characteristic not needed for torque calculations.
Question 3: The center of pressure (COP) during a deadlift should ideally remain over which region of the foot?
- Toe box
- Lateral heel
- Mid-foot to slightly anterior heel (Correct answer)
- Medial arch
Correct answer: Mid-foot to slightly anterior heel
A mid-foot COP position during the deadlift promotes balance and efficient force transfer through the kinetic chain from floor to barbell.
Question 4: Which muscle action occurs when a muscle exerts force while its length remains constant?
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isometric (Correct answer)
- Isokinetic
Correct answer: Isometric
An isometric muscle action produces force with no change in muscle length and therefore no joint movement.
Question 5: An athlete performs a plyometric depth jump. During the amortization phase, the primary biomechanical goal is to:
- Maximize ground contact time
- Minimize eccentric deceleration
- Rapidly transition from eccentric to concentric action (Correct answer)
- Store maximal lactate in muscle tissue
Correct answer: Rapidly transition from eccentric to concentric action
The amortization phase (ground contact) must be brief so that stored elastic energy is not dissipated as heat before the concentric propulsion phase begins.
Question 6: Which axis of rotation is associated with internal and external rotation of the hip?
- Mediolateral axis
- Anteroposterior axis
- Longitudinal (vertical) axis (Correct answer)
- Oblique axis
Correct answer: Longitudinal (vertical) axis
Internal and external rotation of the hip occurs around the longitudinal (vertical) axis that runs along the length of the femur.
Question 7: A heavier athlete and a lighter athlete climb the same flight of stairs in the same time. Which statement about power is correct?
- Both athletes produce equal power
- The lighter athlete produces more power
- The heavier athlete produces more power (Correct answer)
- Power cannot be compared without knowing stride length
Correct answer: The heavier athlete produces more power
Power equals work divided by time; the heavier athlete does more work (greater force × same displacement) in the same time, yielding higher power output.
CSCS CSCS: Biomechanics of Resistance 3
Which plane of motion is primarily involved in a lateral raise exercise?