CSC Multicultural Counseling & Diversity 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: The RESPECTFUL counseling model developed by D'Andrea and Daniels uses the 'R' to represent which factor affecting client development?
- Racial and cultural identity
- Religious and spiritual identity (Correct answer)
- Resilience and protective factors
- Relational support systems
Correct answer: Religious and spiritual identity
In the RESPECTFUL model, 'R' stands for Religious/spiritual identity, recognizing it as one of ten key factors that shape human development and counseling relationships.
Question 2: Which concept describes the stress experienced by individuals who must navigate between their culture of origin and the dominant culture of the society they live in?
- Cultural shock
- Acculturative stress (Correct answer)
- Stereotype threat
- Marginalization fatigue
Correct answer: Acculturative stress
Acculturative stress refers to the psychological impact of adapting to a new culture while maintaining aspects of one's heritage culture, particularly common among immigrants and their children.
Question 3: When counseling LGBTQ+ students, a school counselor should prioritize:
- Helping students reconsider their identity if parents object
- Creating an affirming environment and connecting students to appropriate support resources (Correct answer)
- Notifying parents immediately about a student's sexual orientation
- Referring all LGBTQ+ students to outside therapists
Correct answer: Creating an affirming environment and connecting students to appropriate support resources
School counselors should create affirming, safe environments for LGBTQ+ students and connect them with appropriate resources, consistent with ASCA's position on supporting LGBTQ+ youth.
Question 4: Intersectionality, as applied to school counseling, means that a school counselor should:
- Treat all students the same regardless of background
- Consider how multiple aspects of a student's identity (race, gender, class, etc.) interact to shape their experience (Correct answer)
- Focus on one identity dimension at a time for clarity
- Use only standardized assessments to avoid bias
Correct answer: Consider how multiple aspects of a student's identity (race, gender, class, etc.) interact to shape their experience
Intersectionality recognizes that students hold multiple identities simultaneously and that the interaction of race, gender, class, disability, and other factors creates unique experiences of privilege and oppression.
Question 5: A counselor's implicit bias most directly affects students when it influences:
- The counselor's choice of theoretical orientation
- Referrals, recommendations, and access to academic opportunities (Correct answer)
- The school's master schedule
- Standardized test construction
Correct answer: Referrals, recommendations, and access to academic opportunities
Implicit biases most directly harm students when they shape who counselors refer for gifted programs, Advanced Placement courses, discipline, or special education, creating systemic inequities.
Question 6: Which approach is most culturally responsive when working with a student from a collectivist cultural background regarding a personal problem?
- Insist on individual confidentiality and exclude family from the process
- Explore whether the student wants family or community involvement in the solution (Correct answer)
- Diagnose the student using Western individual-focused assessments only
- Discourage cultural explanations and focus on evidence-based models
Correct answer: Explore whether the student wants family or community involvement in the solution
Students from collectivist cultures may define problems and solutions in terms of family and community, so exploring the student's preferred level of family involvement is culturally responsive.
Question 7: Which phenomenon occurs when students from stigmatized groups perform worse on tests after being reminded of negative stereotypes about their group?
- Test anxiety disorder
- Stereotype threat (Correct answer)
- Cultural loading bias
- Learned helplessness
Correct answer: Stereotype threat
Stereotype threat, identified by Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, refers to the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group, which can impair academic performance on assessments.
CSC Multicultural Counseling & Diversity 2
The RESPECTFUL counseling model developed by D'Andrea and Daniels uses the 'R' to represent which factor affecting client development?