Mixed Deck — All CRST Topics Flashcards

Which form of ionizing radiation has the lowest penetrating power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper?

Answer: Alpha particles

Alpha particles are relatively large and heavy (two protons and two neutrons) and carry a positive charge. This causes them to interact readily with matter, losing their energy quickly and giving them very low penetrating power. They can be stopped by a simple barrier like paper or the outer layer of human skin.

In the context of Canadian OHS law, what is the best definition of the legal concept of 'due diligence'?

Answer: Taking every precaution reasonable in the circumstances to protect the health and safety of workers.

Due diligence is the primary legal defence for an employer charged under OHS legislation. It requires demonstrating that all reasonable precautions were taken to prevent an incident, which is a proactive and documented effort to manage workplace hazards.

Which hazard category includes chemical spills, toxic substances, and exposure to corrosive materials?

Answer: Chemical hazards

Chemical hazards encompass any substance that can cause harm through contact, inhalation, or ingestion, including spills, toxic materials, and corrosive agents.

What is 'residual risk' in the context of workplace hazard management?

Answer: The risk that remains after all feasible controls have been implemented

Residual risk is the level of risk that persists even after all reasonably practicable control measures have been applied to a workplace hazard.

How often should safety training be conducted in a workplace?

Answer: When new hazards or equipment are introduced, and periodically as required

Safety training should not be a one-time event but an ongoing process. It must be conducted when new hazards or equipment are introduced to ensure employees are aware of new risks and safe operating procedures. Additionally, periodic refresher training is required to reinforce knowledge, address any changes in regulations, and maintain a high level of safety awareness among all personnel.

During an incident investigation, it was found that an employee removed a required machine guard to clear a jam. How would this action typically be classified in a cause analysis?

Answer: An indirect cause (or contributing factor)

The removal of the guard is an unsafe act. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are considered indirect causes or contributing factors. They are symptoms of a deeper problem but not the problem itself. The root cause would be *why* the worker removed the guard (e.g., inadequate procedure for clearing jams, lack of training), and the direct cause would be the subsequent contact with moving parts.

Human factors, such as high cognitive workload and fatigue, can contribute to workplace incidents primarily by:

Answer: Increasing the probability of human error.

Fatigue, stress, and high mental demand (cognitive workload) impair a worker's ability to focus, make sound judgments, and react quickly. This leads to an increased likelihood of human error, which can result in safety incidents or accidents.

Which of the following is a key step in conducting an effective incident investigation?

Answer: Taking statements from witnesses

Taking statements from witnesses is a key step in conducting an effective incident investigation. Witnesses can provide crucial first-hand accounts and different perspectives on what occurred before, during, and after the incident. Gathering these statements helps to piece together a comprehensive understanding of the event and identify contributing factors.

Which of the following is a critical component that must be included in a workplace emergency response plan?

Answer: Procedures for evacuation, including routes and muster points.

A clear and well-communicated procedure for evacuation, including designated routes and muster points (assembly areas), is a fundamental component of any emergency plan. This ensures that employees can exit the building safely and be accounted for quickly during an incident.

What is the primary objective of conducting a safety audit in a workplace?

Answer: To identify hazards and ensure compliance with safety regulations

The primary objective of a workplace safety audit is to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the safety management system. This involves identifying existing or potential hazards, assessing risks, and verifying that the organization's practices and procedures comply with all relevant safety regulations and internal policies, ultimately aiming to prevent accidents.

What is the primary objective of an incident investigation?

Answer: To gather information for legal purposes

While preventing recurrence is a critical outcome, a primary objective of an incident investigation is to gather comprehensive and factual information. This information is essential for legal compliance, potential litigation, and regulatory reporting requirements. Thorough documentation ensures that all aspects of the incident are recorded accurately for official purposes and accountability.

Under WHMIS 2015, which document provides workers with standardized hazard information and safe handling instructions for chemical products?

Answer: Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Under WHMIS 2015 (aligned with GHS), Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide 16 standardized sections of information about chemical hazards, safe handling, storage, and emergency response measures.

Which are the four components of the fire tetrahedron?

Answer: Fuel, Heat, Oxygen, and a Chemical Chain Reaction

The fire tetrahedron model illustrates the four elements required for a fire to start and be sustained: fuel, heat, oxygen, and an uninhibited chemical chain reaction. Removing any one of these elements will extinguish the fire.

Which of the following is one of the three fundamental rights granted to workers under most Canadian OHS legislation?

Answer: The right to refuse unsafe work.

The three core, or fundamental, rights of workers across Canada are the right to know about workplace hazards, the right to participate in safety decisions (often through a JHSC), and the right to refuse work they have reasonable grounds to believe is unsafe. The right to refuse is a critical component that empowers workers to protect themselves from imminent danger.

Which of the following best describes a 'quantitative risk assessment'?

Answer: A risk assessment that assigns numerical values to the likelihood and consequence of harm

Quantitative risk assessment uses numerical data, statistical analysis, and calculations to express risk in measurable terms, enabling objective comparison, prioritization, and communication of risks.

When an employer modifies a job or work environment to enable an employee with a mental health condition to perform their duties, this is an example of:

Answer: The duty to accommodate

The duty to accommodate is a legal requirement under Canadian human rights legislation. It obligates employers to provide reasonable accommodations for employees based on protected grounds, such as disability (which includes mental health conditions), to the point of undue hardship.

Immediately following a serious incident involving a machine, what is the most critical first step for the responding supervisor after ensuring medical aid is provided and the scene is safe from immediate danger?

Answer: Securing the scene to preserve evidence.

After ensuring the injured are cared for and the scene is safe from further harm, the highest priority is to secure the area. This involves preventing unauthorized access and ensuring that physical evidence (e.g., equipment position, debris, controls settings) is not disturbed, moved, or cleaned up. Preserving the scene is essential for an accurate investigation.

How should evidence be handled during an incident investigation?

Answer: Evidence should be collected and preserved carefully to maintain its integrity

During an incident investigation, evidence must be collected and preserved meticulously to maintain its integrity and reliability. This includes documenting the collection process, securing physical evidence, and ensuring it is not altered or contaminated. Proper handling of evidence is crucial for accurate analysis, determining root causes, and supporting any subsequent legal or regulatory actions.

Which level of Kirkpatrick's model of training evaluation measures the change in on-the-job behaviour as a result of training?

Answer: Level 3: Behavior

Kirkpatrick's model has four levels. Level 3, Behavior, specifically assesses the degree to which participants apply what they learned during training when they are back on the job. Level 1 is Reaction, Level 2 is Learning, and Level 4 is Results.

In the ADDIE model for instructional design, what does the 'I' represent?

Answer: Implementation

The ADDIE model is a five-phase framework: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The Implementation phase is the stage where the developed training program is actually delivered to the learners.