CRS Data Collection & Analysis 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which sampling method ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
- Purposive sampling
- Simple random sampling (Correct answer)
- Quota sampling
- Snowball sampling
Correct answer: Simple random sampling
Simple random sampling gives every population member an equal probability of selection, minimizing selection bias.
Question 2: A researcher collects data by directly watching participants perform tasks without interfering. This is called:
- Ethnographic interview
- Naturalistic observation (Correct answer)
- Structured survey
- Delphi method
Correct answer: Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic observation involves watching subjects in their real environment without manipulation or intervention.
Question 3: In data analysis, what does a p-value below 0.05 conventionally indicate?
- The result is practically significant
- The null hypothesis is accepted
- The result is statistically significant (Correct answer)
- The sample size is adequate
Correct answer: The result is statistically significant
A p-value below 0.05 means there is less than a 5% probability the result occurred by chance, indicating statistical significance.
Question 4: Which type of question on a survey allows respondents to answer in their own words?
- Likert-scale item
- Dichotomous item
- Open-ended question (Correct answer)
- Forced-choice item
Correct answer: Open-ended question
Open-ended questions provide no fixed answer choices, allowing respondents to express their thoughts freely.
Question 5: When a data collection instrument consistently measures the same construct the same way, it demonstrates:
- External validity
- Reliability (Correct answer)
- Concurrent validity
- Construct bias
Correct answer: Reliability
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement instrument across repeated administrations or raters.
Question 6: Which measure of central tendency is most resistant to the influence of extreme outliers?
- Mean
- Mode
- Median (Correct answer)
- Range
Correct answer: Median
The median is the middle value of a dataset and is not distorted by extreme high or low values the way the mean is.
Question 7: A researcher uses existing records such as hospital files and census data. This approach is called:
- Primary data collection
- Experimental research
- Secondary data analysis (Correct answer)
- Participant observation
Correct answer: Secondary data analysis
Secondary data analysis involves using data originally collected for a different purpose rather than gathering new data.
CRS Data Collection & Analysis 2
Which sampling method ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?