CRP Resilience Theory & Frameworks 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which resilience framework specifically focuses on organizational continuity and integrates risk management, crisis management, and business continuity under a single umbrella?
- ISO 22316 (Correct answer)
- NIST CSF
- ISO 31000
- COBIT 2019
Correct answer: ISO 22316
ISO 22316 (Organizational Resilience) provides principles and attributes for building holistic resilience across risk, crisis, and continuity functions.
Question 2: The concept of 'Antifragility,' introduced by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, differs from resilience in that antifragile systems:
- Return to their original state after disruption
- Resist all forms of stress and volatility
- Actually improve and gain strength from stressors (Correct answer)
- Predict and prevent disruptions before they occur
Correct answer: Actually improve and gain strength from stressors
Antifragile systems go beyond resilience by benefiting from shocks, volatility, and disorder rather than merely withstanding them.
Question 3: Which element of the Disaster Resilience of Place (DROP) model represents the pre-existing conditions that affect how a community absorbs a hazard event?
- Coping responses
- Antecedent conditions (Correct answer)
- Adaptation strategies
- Robustness metrics
Correct answer: Antecedent conditions
In the DROP model, antecedent conditions such as existing vulnerabilities and community capital shape baseline resilience before a disaster strikes.
Question 4: In the context of organizational resilience, 'double-loop learning' differs from single-loop learning because it:
- Fixes the immediate problem without questioning assumptions
- Questions and modifies the governing norms behind actions (Correct answer)
- Repeats the same process twice for accuracy
- Involves two teams reviewing the same incident
Correct answer: Questions and modifies the governing norms behind actions
Double-loop learning, developed by Argyris and Schön, involves examining and revising the underlying assumptions and values that drive behavior.
Question 5: The Pressure and Release (PAR) model of disaster risk identifies 'root causes' at which stage?
- Dynamic pressures
- Unsafe conditions
- Progression of vulnerability (Correct answer)
- Hazard trigger
Correct answer: Progression of vulnerability
In the PAR model, root causes are the first level of the progression of vulnerability, followed by dynamic pressures, then unsafe conditions.
Question 6: Which framework uses 'bow-tie analysis' as a central tool to visualize the relationship between threats, top events, and consequences?
- ISO 22301
- COSO ERM
- Barrier and Operational Risk Model (BORM) (Correct answer)
- NFPA 1600
Correct answer: Barrier and Operational Risk Model (BORM)
Bow-tie analysis, central to BORM and barrier-based risk management, maps threats on the left, the top event in the center, and consequences on the right.
Question 7: In community resilience theory, 'social capital' most directly refers to:
- Financial reserves held by municipal governments
- Networks of relationships and trust enabling collective action (Correct answer)
- Physical infrastructure supporting community services
- Human resources available for emergency response
Correct answer: Networks of relationships and trust enabling collective action
Social capital encompasses the norms, networks, and trust that facilitate cooperation and collective resilience within and between communities.
