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Research Design & Methodology Flashcards

7 cards from real CRP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Research Design & Methodology flashcards as text

  1. A researcher notices that participants who scored extremely low at pretest scored closer to average at posttest, even without intervention. This is an example of:

    Answer: Regression to the mean

    Regression to the mean occurs when extreme scores at one time point tend to move closer to the average on subsequent measurement.

  2. Which type of validity evidence is gathered by examining correlations between a new measure and an existing well-validated measure of the same construct?

    Answer: Criterion-related validity

    Criterion-related validity is established by showing a meaningful correlation between the new measure and an accepted criterion measure of the same construct.

  3. In a cross-sectional study comparing cognitive abilities of people aged 20, 40, and 60, which confound is impossible to rule out?

    Answer: Cohort effects

    Cross-sectional designs cannot separate age effects from cohort effects, since each age group grew up in different historical eras.

  4. A researcher uses an interview guide with predetermined questions but allows flexible follow-up probing. This is a:

    Answer: Semi-structured interview

    Semi-structured interviews use a guide with predetermined questions but allow the interviewer to probe and explore responses flexibly.

  5. Which of the following best describes 'triangulation' in mixed-methods research?

    Answer: Cross-validating findings using multiple methods or data sources

    Triangulation involves using multiple methods, data sources, or investigators to cross-validate findings and enhance credibility.

  6. A study finds a strong correlation between ice cream sales and drowning rates. The best methodological explanation is:

    Answer: A third variable (temperature) explains both

    Hot weather (a confounding variable) increases both ice cream consumption and swimming, illustrating why correlation does not imply causation.

  7. The term 'saturation' in qualitative research refers to:

    Answer: The point at which new data no longer yield new themes

    Data saturation is reached when additional data collection no longer produces new categories, themes, or insights.