Fundamentals & Core Principles Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Fundamentals & Core Principles flashcards as text
Which of the following is an example of PRIMARY data collection?
Answer: Conducting in-depth interviews with study participants
Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher directly from the source, such as through interviews, surveys, or experiments.
The concept of 'parsimony' in research theory development means:
Answer: Preferring the simplest explanation that adequately accounts for the data
Parsimony (Occam's Razor) holds that the simplest theoretical explanation that fits the evidence is preferred over more complex alternatives.
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) primarily serves to:
Answer: Protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects
IRBs are federally mandated bodies that review research protocols to ensure the protection of human subjects' rights, safety, and welfare.
Which of the following BEST describes 'external validity'?
Answer: The extent to which findings can be generalized beyond the study sample
External validity concerns whether the study's results can be generalized to other populations, settings, or time periods beyond the original study.
In a mixed-methods study, the quantitative and qualitative components are conducted simultaneously and given equal weight. This is called:
Answer: Convergent parallel design
The convergent parallel design collects both data types simultaneously, analyzes them separately, then merges results to compare and validate findings.
Which of the following scenarios represents a violation of research confidentiality?
Answer: Sharing a participant's identified responses with their employer
Sharing identified participant information with unauthorized third parties (such as an employer) directly violates the confidentiality obligation to research participants.
A researcher observes that a survey question leads respondents toward a particular answer. This is known as:
Answer: Leading question bias
Leading question bias occurs when the wording of a question suggests or implies a preferred answer, skewing participants' responses.