Data Collection & Analysis Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Data Collection & Analysis flashcards as text
Which of the following is a potential ethical concern unique to passive observational research methods?
Answer: Informed consent may be impossible to obtain from all individuals observed
In naturalistic observation, researchers often cannot obtain informed consent from every person present, raising ethical concerns about privacy and autonomy.
A factor analysis is primarily used to:
Answer: Identify underlying constructs that explain correlations among observed variables
Factor analysis identifies latent constructs (factors) that account for the patterns of correlations observed among a set of measured variables.
The concept of 'reflexivity' in qualitative research requires the researcher to:
Answer: Critically examine how their own background and position influence the research process
Reflexivity involves the researcher's ongoing critical reflection on how their own values, identity, and perspectives shape data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Which measure of central tendency is most resistant to the influence of outliers?
Answer: Median
The median is not affected by extreme values because it represents the middle point of a distribution, unlike the mean which shifts with outliers.
A researcher conducts a study in which participants know they are receiving a new intervention but do not know whether they are in the treatment or control group. This design is called:
Answer: Single-blind study
In a single-blind study, participants are unaware of their group assignment, reducing response bias while the researcher remains aware.
Cronbach's alpha is used to assess which type of reliability?
Answer: Internal consistency reliability
Cronbach's alpha measures internal consistency by evaluating whether multiple items in a scale consistently measure the same underlying construct.
A researcher finds a statistically significant result but the effect size is very small (d = 0.05). The most appropriate interpretation is:
Answer: The result may be statistically significant but has little practical importance
Statistical significance and practical significance are distinct; a very small effect size suggests the finding may have minimal real-world importance despite statistical significance.