Assessment & Evaluation Techniques Flashcards
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Read the first 7 Assessment & Evaluation Techniques flashcards as text
What does 'construct validity' mean in the context of a research instrument?
Answer: The instrument measures the theoretical construct it is intended to measure
Construct validity refers to how well a test or measure actually captures the underlying theoretical concept it is supposed to assess.
In cost-benefit analysis, the 'net present value' (NPV) is used to:
Answer: Account for the time value of money when comparing future costs and benefits
NPV discounts future costs and benefits to their present value, enabling a meaningful comparison of programs with different time horizons.
Which sampling method would be most efficient when a complete list of the target population does not exist?
Answer: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS)
Respondent-driven sampling is designed for hard-to-reach populations where no sampling frame exists, using peer referral chains.
An evaluation that compares multiple programs or sites to identify best practices is best described as:
Answer: Cross-site evaluation
Cross-site evaluations systematically compare findings across different programs or locations to identify effective models.
Which type of error occurs when a researcher concludes there IS a significant effect when in reality there is none?
Answer: Type I error (false positive)
A Type I error, or false positive, is the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, concluding an effect exists when it does not.
In qualitative research, 'member checking' is used primarily to:
Answer: Enhance credibility by having participants review and confirm findings
Member checking strengthens credibility by returning findings or interpretations to participants to confirm accuracy and resonance.
The counterfactual in an impact evaluation refers to:
Answer: What would have happened to participants had they not received the intervention
The counterfactual represents the unobserved state — what outcomes would have looked like without the intervention — which is estimated through comparison groups.