CRNFA Surgical Anatomy and Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which structure passes through the femoral triangle and is at risk during inguinal hernia repair?
- Sciatic nerve
- Femoral nerve (Correct answer)
- Obturator nerve
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Correct answer: Femoral nerve
The femoral nerve lies in the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral artery and must be avoided during inguinal hernia repair to prevent motor deficit of the quadriceps.
Question 2: During a right colectomy, which structure lies in close proximity to the ileocolic vessels and must be identified to avoid injury?
- Right ureter (Correct answer)
- Right gonadal vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Right renal vein
Correct answer: Right ureter
The right ureter runs retroperitoneally along the psoas muscle near the ileocolic vessels and must be identified before ligation during right colectomy.
Question 3: The saphenous vein joins which vessel in the femoral triangle?
- Femoral artery
- Femoral vein (Correct answer)
- Popliteal vein
- External iliac vein
Correct answer: Femoral vein
The great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, which is ligated during vein stripping procedures.
Question 4: Which fascial layer of the neck must be incised during central venous catheter insertion via the internal jugular approach?
- Investing layer of deep cervical fascia (Correct answer)
- Superficial cervical fascia
- Prevertebral fascia
- Buccopharyngeal fascia
Correct answer: Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
The investing layer of the deep cervical fascia encloses the sternocleidomastoid muscle and must be penetrated to access the internal jugular vein.
Question 5: In which anatomical space does a retroperitoneal hematoma develop after injury to the aorta or inferior vena cava?
- Peritoneal cavity
- Retroperitoneal space (space of Retzius)
- Preperitoneal space
- Retroperitoneal space posterior to parietal peritoneum (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Retroperitoneal space posterior to parietal peritoneum
Retroperitoneal hematomas accumulate in the space posterior to the parietal peritoneum, where the aorta, IVC, and their branches reside.
Question 6: The sphincter of Oddi controls flow at the junction of which structures?
- Cystic duct and common bile duct
- Common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater (Correct answer)
- Gallbladder and cystic duct
- Pancreatic duct and duodenum separately
Correct answer: Common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater
The sphincter of Oddi is a smooth muscle sphincter at the ampulla of Vater controlling the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
CRNFA Surgical Anatomy and Physiology 2
Which structure passes through the femoral triangle and is at risk during inguinal hernia repair?