Criminal Justice Review and Assessment 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which amendment protects against compelled self-incrimination during custodial interrogation?
- Fourth Amendment
- Sixth Amendment
- Fifth Amendment (Correct answer)
- Eighth Amendment
Correct answer: Fifth Amendment
The Fifth Amendment's self-incrimination clause underlies the Miranda warning requirement.
Question 2: A defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for the dismissal of more serious counts. This is known as:
- Charge bargaining (Correct answer)
- Sentence bargaining
- Nolle prosequi
- Bifurcation
Correct answer: Charge bargaining
Charge bargaining involves pleading guilty to a reduced or fewer charges.
Question 3: Which type of crime data is collected directly from citizens about their experiences as victims, including unreported crimes?
- Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
- National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) (Correct answer)
- NIBRS
- Self-report offender surveys
Correct answer: National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
The NCVS surveys households about victimization, capturing the 'dark figure' of unreported crime.
Question 4: In which case did the Supreme Court rule that indigent felony defendants have a right to appointed counsel in state courts?
- Mapp v. Ohio
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Escobedo v. Illinois
- Gideon v. Wainwright (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) extended the right to appointed counsel to state felony defendants who cannot afford an attorney.
Question 5: An offender serves part of a prison sentence and is released early under community supervision. This release is called:
- Parole (Correct answer)
- Probation
- Pretrial diversion
- Clemency
Correct answer: Parole
Parole is conditional early release from prison under supervision in the community.
Question 6: Which theory explains crime as a rational choice made after weighing potential benefits against risks?
- Social disorganization theory
- Rational choice theory (Correct answer)
- Labeling theory
- Strain theory
Correct answer: Rational choice theory
Rational choice theory views offenders as decision-makers who weigh costs and benefits before offending.
Question 7: During booking, a suspect's fingerprints and photograph are taken. At which stage of the criminal justice process does this occur?
- After arrest but before the initial appearance (Correct answer)
- After arraignment
- During the preliminary hearing
- After conviction
Correct answer: After arrest but before the initial appearance
Booking is an administrative step that follows arrest and precedes the initial court appearance.
Criminal Justice Review and Assessment 3
Which amendment protects against compelled self-incrimination during custodial interrogation?