Criminal Justice Criminal Justice 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: An inmate is released before completing a full sentence and remains under supervision. What is this called?
- Probation
- Parole (Correct answer)
- Pardon
- Commutation
Correct answer: Parole
Parole is conditional early release from prison under community supervision for the remainder of the sentence.
Question 2: Which Supreme Court case guaranteed indigent felony defendants the right to court-appointed counsel?
- Gideon v. Wainwright (Correct answer)
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Powell v. Alabama
- Argersinger v. Hamlin
Correct answer: Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) held that states must provide attorneys to felony defendants who cannot afford one.
Question 3: What is the 'dark figure of crime'?
- Crimes committed at night
- Crimes that go unreported or undetected (Correct answer)
- Crimes by unknown offenders
- Crimes cleared by arrest
Correct answer: Crimes that go unreported or undetected
The dark figure of crime refers to offenses that never appear in official statistics because they are unreported or undiscovered.
Question 4: Under the Eighth Amendment, which of the following is prohibited?
- Double jeopardy
- Self-incrimination
- Cruel and unusual punishment (Correct answer)
- Unreasonable searches
Correct answer: Cruel and unusual punishment
The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
Question 5: A juvenile case is moved to adult criminal court for prosecution. What is this process called?
- Diversion
- Waiver or transfer (Correct answer)
- Adjudication
- Expungement
Correct answer: Waiver or transfer
Judicial waiver or transfer moves a juvenile's case to adult criminal court, typically for serious offenses.
Question 6: Which policing strategy emphasizes partnerships with residents and problem-solving to address the conditions that cause crime?
- Zero-tolerance policing
- Community policing (Correct answer)
- Saturation patrol
- Hot-spot enforcement
Correct answer: Community policing
Community policing builds police-citizen partnerships and uses proactive problem-solving to reduce crime and disorder.
Question 7: What are the two main national sources of official U.S. crime data?
- FBI's UCR/NIBRS and the National Crime Victimization Survey (Correct answer)
- Census Bureau reports and court dockets
- State police blotters and coroner reports
- Gallup polls and prison records
Correct answer: FBI's UCR/NIBRS and the National Crime Victimization Survey
The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting program (now NIBRS) and the NCVS are the primary national crime data sources.
Criminal Justice Criminal Justice 4
An inmate is released before completing a full sentence and remains under supervision.
What is this called?