Data Collection & Analysis Flashcards

What is the primary purpose of data collection in research?

Answer: To support or reject hypotheses

The primary purpose of data collection in research is to gather empirical evidence that can be analyzed to test the study's hypotheses or answer its research questions. By systematically collecting relevant information, researchers can determine whether their initial predictions are supported by the evidence or if they need to be revised. This process is fundamental to advancing knowledge and drawing conclusions.

Which method is used to ensure data reliability in research?

Answer: Ensuring repeatability of results

Reliability in research refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement or research finding. Ensuring repeatability of results means that if the study were to be conducted again under the same conditions, it would yield similar outcomes. This indicates that the measurement tool or method is dependable and not subject to random error, making the findings trustworthy.

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Answer: Qualitative data is descriptive, quantitative data is numerical

Qualitative data consists of non-numerical information, such as observations, interviews, or text, which describes qualities or characteristics and provides rich, in-depth insights. Quantitative data, on the other hand, is numerical and can be measured, counted, or expressed in statistical terms, focusing on quantities and measurable variables. This distinction is fundamental to research methodology and the types of analysis performed.

What is the term used to describe data that is collected through observation or interviews?

Answer: Primary data

Primary data refers to original information collected directly by the researcher for the specific purpose of their study. Methods like observation and interviews involve direct interaction and firsthand gathering of information from subjects or phenomena. This contrasts with secondary data, which is information already collected by someone else and used for a new purpose.

Which of the following best describes a dataset's 'validity'?

Answer: The accuracy of data in measuring intended variables

Validity in research refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure or accurately reflects the reality it aims to represent. If data is valid, it means the research instrument or method is truly capturing the concept or variable it was designed to assess. This ensures that the conclusions drawn from the data are meaningful and correct, reflecting the true phenomenon.

Which of these methods is typically used to minimize bias in data collection?

Answer: Random sampling

Random sampling is a crucial method for minimizing bias in data collection because it ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This helps create a sample that is representative of the larger population, reducing the likelihood of systematic errors or skewed results that could arise from non-random selection. It enhances the generalizability of findings.

What is the first step in data analysis?

Answer: Organizing the data

Before any meaningful analysis can occur, raw data must first be organized into a structured and manageable format. This initial step involves tasks like categorizing, coding, and structuring the data, often into spreadsheets or databases. Proper organization makes the data accessible, understandable, and ready for subsequent cleaning and analytical processes, laying the foundation for accurate insights.

Which of the following is an example of secondary data?

Answer: Government census data

Secondary data is information that has already been collected, compiled, and published by someone other than the current researcher for a different purpose. Government census data is a classic example, as it is systematically collected by a government agency and then made available for public use. Survey responses, focus group interviews, and field observations are typically primary data.